Establishing bio-logging data collections as dynamic archives of animal life on Earth.

Rapid growth in bio-logging-the use of animal-borne electronic tags to document the movements, behaviour, physiology and environments of wildlife-offers opportunities to mitigate biodiversity threats and expand digital natural history archives. Here we present a vision to achieve such benefits by accounting for the heterogeneity inherent to bio-logging data and the concerns of those who collect and use them. First, we can enable data integration through standard vocabularies, transfer protocols and aggregation protocols, and drive their wide adoption.

Spatial Dynamics and Fine-Scale Vertical Behaviour of Immature Eastern Australasian White Sharks ().

Knowledge of the 3-dimensional space use of large marine predators is central to our understanding of ecosystem dynamics and for the development of management recommendations. Horizontal movements of white sharks, , in eastern Australian and New Zealand waters have been relatively well studied, yet vertical habitat use is less well understood. We dual-tagged 27 immature white sharks with Pop-Up Satellite Archival Transmitting (PSAT) and acoustic tags in New South Wales coastal shelf waters.

Brief Oil Exposure Reduces Fitness in Wild Gulf of Mexico Mahi-Mahi ().

The (DWH) disaster released 3.19 million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) in 2010, overlapping the habitat of pelagic fish populations. Using mahi-mahi ()─a highly migratory marine teleost present in the GOM during the spill─as a model species, laboratory experiments demonstrate injuries to physiology and behavior following oil exposure.

Water column structure influences long-distance latitudinal migration patterns and habitat use of bumphead sunfish Mola alexandrini in the Pacific Ocean.

Satellite-tracking of adult bumphead sunfish, Mola alexandrini, revealed long-distance latitudinal migration patterns covering thousands of kilometers. Horizontal and vertical movements of four bumphead sunfish off Taiwan were recorded with pop-up satellite archival tags in 2019-2020. Two individuals moved northward and traveled to Okinawa Island and Kyushu, Japan and two moved southwards; crossing the equator, to Papua New Guinea and New Caledonia.

Revisiting the vulnerability of juvenile bigeye (Thunnus obesus) and yellowfin (T. albacares) tuna caught by purse-seine fisheries while associating with surface waters and floating objects.

Tuna fisheries catch over three million tonnes of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) each year, the majority of which come from purse-seine vessels targeting fish associated with man-made fish aggregating devices (FADs). A significant challenge for fisheries management is to maximize the efficiency of skipjack tuna catches whilst minimizing the bycatch of small and immature bigeye (Thunnus obesus) and yellowfin (T. albacares) tuna, for which long-term sustainability is uncertain in 75% of the world's stocks.

Atomic-Scale Mechanism on Nucleation and Growth of MoC Nanoparticles Revealed by in Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy.

With a similar electronic structure as that of platinum, molybdenum carbide (MoC) holds significant potential as a high performance catalyst across many chemical reactions. Empirically, the precise control of particle size, shape, and surface nature during synthesis largely determines the catalytic performance of nanoparticles, giving rise to the need of clarifying the underlying growth characteristics in the nucleation and growth of MoC. However, the high-temperature annealing involved during the growth of carbides makes it difficult to directly observe and understand the nucleation and growth processes.

Sailfish migrations connect productive coastal areas in the West Atlantic Ocean.

Isla Mujeres, Mexico is home to one of the most well-known aggregations of sailfish. Despite its fisheries prominence, little is known about this sailfish assemblage, or its relationship to other aggregation sites in the western Atlantic. In January 2012, April 2013 and 2014, we deployed 34 popup satellite archival tags on sailfish in order to study their behavior, population connectivity and biophysical interactions.

Direct TEM observations of growth mechanisms of two-dimensional MoS2 flakes.

A microscopic understanding of the growth mechanism of two-dimensional materials is of particular importance for controllable synthesis of functional nanostructures. Because of the lack of direct and insightful observations, how to control the orientation and the size of two-dimensional material grains is still under debate. Here we discern distinct formation stages for MoS2 flakes from the thermolysis of ammonium thiomolybdates using in situ transmission electron microscopy.

Discovery of a spawning ground reveals diverse migration strategies in Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus).

Atlantic bluefin tuna are a symbol of both the conflict between preservationist and utilitarian views of top ocean predators, and the struggle to reach international consensus on the management of migratory species. Currently, Atlantic bluefin tuna are managed as an early-maturing eastern stock, which spawns in the Mediterranean Sea, and a late-maturing western stock, which spawns in the Gulf of Mexico. However, electronic tagging studies show that many bluefin tuna, assumed to be of a mature size, do not visit either spawning ground during the spawning season.

Development of an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of perfluorinated compounds in fish and Fatty food.

This paper reports the development of a method for the quantitative analysis of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), including C6-C14 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and C4-C12 perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs), in fish and fatty foods by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) in which the UPLC was equipped a PFC Analysis Kit to eliminate background contamination. Rapid baseline separation was achieved for 17 PFCs within 12 min, and PFCs were well-resolved from potential interferences from taurodeoxycholic acid and branched isomers of PFCs. The method was validated according to Commission Regulation 2002/657/EC of the European Commission with matrices including salmon, beef, egg, and butter.

Ultrahigh refractive index sensing performance of plasmonic quadrupole resonances in gold nanoparticles.

The refractive index sensing properties of plasmonic resonances in gold nanoparticles (nanorods and nanobipyramids) are investigated through numerical simulations. We find that the quadruple resonance in both nanoparticles shows much higher sensing figure of merit (FOM) than its dipolar counterpart, which is attributed mainly to the reduction in resonance linewidth. More importantly, our results predict that at the same sensing wavelength, the sensing FOM of the quadrupole mode can be significantly boosted from 3.

Integrated management and visualization of electronic tag data with Tagbase.

Electronic tags have been used widely for more than a decade in studies of diverse marine species. However, despite significant investment in tagging programs and hardware, data management aspects have received insufficient attention, leaving researchers without a comprehensive toolset to manage their data easily. The growing volume of these data holdings, the large diversity of tag types and data formats, and the general lack of data management resources are not only complicating integration and synthesis of electronic tagging data in support of resource management applications but potentially threatening the integrity and longer-term access to these valuable datasets.

White shark offshore habitat: a behavioral and environmental characterization of the eastern Pacific shared offshore foraging area.

Background: Although much is known about the behavior of white sharks in coastal regions, very little is known about their vertical movements offshore in the eastern Pacific where they spend up to five months. We provide the first detailed description of the offshore habitat use of white sharks in the eastern North Pacific.

Methodology/principal Findings: This study uses 2-min data from four recovered pop-up satellite archival tags deployed at Guadalupe Island (2002 and 2005).