Resistance fracture of minimally prepared endocrowns made by three types of restorative materials: a 3D finite element analysis.

A thin endocrown restoration was often applied in endodontically treated teeth with vertical bite height loss or inadequate clinical crown length. A model of mandibular molars made by endocrown restoration with 1 mm thickness and 2 mm depth of pulp chamber was constructed and imported into FEA ANSYS v18.0 software.

Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Allylative Dicarbofunctionalization of Aryl Phenol-Tethered Alkynes with Allyl Iodides: Synthesis of Skipped Dienes.

A palladium-catalyzed cascade allylative dicarbofunctionalization of aryl phenol-tethered alkynes with allyl iodides is described. A series of polysubstituted spirocyclo-containing skipped dienes with an all-carbon tetrasubstituted alkene unit are synthesized through this convenient process. The cascade reaction proceeds selectively through dearomative C-allylation instead of O-allylation of aryl phenols.

Fluoride Prescribing Behaviors for Medicaid-Enrolled Children in Oregon.

Introduction: This study aims to examine physician and dentist fluoride prescription patterns and identify the factors associated with fluoride prescriptions for Medicaid-enrolled children. The hypothesis is that dentists will be the primary prescribers of fluoride and that caries risk factors will be associated with fluoride prescriptions.

Methods: Data were analyzed for Oregon children aged 0-17 years enrolled in Medicaid for ≥300 days in both 2016 and 2017.

Risk-Reducing Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy for Ovarian Cancer: A Review and Clinical Guide for Hereditary Predisposition Genes.

Pathogenic germline variants underlie up to 20% of ovarian cancer (OC) and are associated with varying degrees of risk for OC. For mutations in high-penetrance genes such as /, the role of risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) in cancer prevention is well-established and improves mortality. However, in moderate-penetrance genes where the degree of risk for OC is less precisely defined, the role of RRSO is more controversial.

Foliar optical traits capture physiological and phenological leaf plasticity in Tilia×euchlora in the urban environment.

Knowledge on the response of trees to the urban heat island (UHI) effect and soil sealing is currently limited, yet of vital importance in an era characterized by both climate change and urbanization. We investigated the physiological and phenological leaf plasticity of Tilia×euchlora trees to the UHI effect and soil sealing and explored the potential of leaf optical traits to quantify the magnitude of leaf plasticity. Temporal changes of leaf water content (LWC), specific leaf area (SLA), total chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoids (Car) content, Car:Chl ratio and leaf reflectance for 46 Tilia×euchlora trees were measured along a soil sealing and urbanization gradient.

Antioxidative and Angiogenic Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogel for the Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a progressive atherosclerotic disorder characterized by blockages of the arteries supplying the lower extremities. Ischemia initiates oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in the legs of PAD patients, causing injury to the tissues of the leg, significant decline in walking performance, leg pain while walking, and in the most severe cases, nonhealing ulcers and gangrene. Current clinical trials based on cells/stem cells, the trophic factor, or gene therapy systems have shown some promising results for the treatment of PAD.

Real-Time Induction of Macrophage Apoptosis, Pyroptosis, and Necroptosis by OG1RF and Two Root Canal Isolated Strains.

To investigate the effects of two root canal isolated strains (CA1 and CA2) and of the OG1RF strain on apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in macrophages. The virulence factors of CA1 and CA2 pathogenic strains were annotated in the Virulence Factors Database (VFDB). CA1, CA2, and OG1RF strains were used to infect RAW264.

Wafer-Scale 2D Hafnium Diselenide Based Memristor Crossbar Array for Energy-Efficient Neural Network Hardware.

Memristor crossbar with programmable conductance could overcome the energy consumption and speed limitations of neural networks when executing core computing tasks in image processing. However, the implementation of crossbar array (CBA) based on ultrathin 2D materials is hindered by challenges associated with large-scale material synthesis and device integration. Here, a memristor CBA is demonstrated using wafer-scale (2-inch) polycrystalline hafnium diselenide (HfSe ) grown by molecular beam epitaxy, and a metal-assisted van der Waals transfer technique.

Quaternary and beyond cytoreduction: An updated and expanded analysis.

Objective: We sought to describe the clinicopathologic features and outcomes of patients undergoing quaternary, quinary, or senary cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively identified patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who underwent quaternary or beyond cytoreduction at our institution between 1/1/1989 and 12/31/2020. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate survival and compared using the log-rank test.

A Qualitative Pilot Study to Investigate Caregiver Attitudes on Healthy Lifestyle Discussions During Dental Visits for Children Younger Than Six Years.

The purpose of this qualitative pilot study was to investigate caregivers' attitudes about healthy lifestyles and weight-related discussions during dental visits. Twenty-one caregivers of children younger than six years old at two community dental clinics in Washington State-a rural community clinic serving children of seasonal farmworkers and an urban clinic primarily serving children with special health care needs-were interviewed using a semi-structured guide. Interview data were analyzed inductively via thematic content analysis.

Effects of Medicaid expansion on self-reported use of dental services in socioeconomically vulnerable subgroups.

Objective: Research suggests Medicaid expansion led to modest increases in the use of dental services among low-income adults, especially in states with more generous Medicaid dental benefits. We expand upon this research by examining whether the effect of Medicaid expansion differed across important socioeconomic subgroups.

Methods: Using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 2012 to 2016, we employed a difference-in-differences framework to estimate the effect of Medicaid expansion on annual use of dental services overall and by whether states offered more-than-emergency Medicaid dental benefits.

Genes involved in the Type I pheromone biosynthesis pathway and chemoreception from the sex pheromone gland transcriptome of Dioryctria abietella.

Dioryctria abietella is a coniferous seed orchard pest that can damage a series of host plants and cause huge losses to the forest economy. Sex pheromones play an important role in lepidopteran sex communication for reproduction and can be used as biological control agents to monitor and trap pests. However, the genes involved in the biosynthesis, transportation, and degradation of D.

Role of NEAT1/MiR-9-5p/SLC26A2 Pathway on Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cell.

Purpose: Asthma is a serious inflammatory disease of the respiratory system in which airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) play a key role. This study aimed to investigate the expression of SLC26A2 in human ASMCs (HASMCs) and the regulatory mechanism of SLC26A2 in the proliferation and inflammatory factor production of HASMCs.

Materials And Methods: We obtained the asthma-associated differential mRNA SLC26A2 by bioinformatics analysis in childhood acute asthma samples.

Expression of 42 kDa chitinase of Trichoderma asperellum (Ta-CHI42) from a synthetic gene in Escherichia coli.

Chitinases are enzymes that catalyze the degradation of chitin, a major component of the cell walls of pathogenic fungi and cuticles of insects, gaining increasing attention for the control of fungal pathogens and insect pests. Production of recombinant chitinase in a suitable host can result in a more pure product with less processing time and a significantly larger yield than that produced by native microorganisms. The present study aimed to express the synthetic chi42 gene (syncodChi42), which was optimized from the chi42 gene of Trichoderma asperellum SH16, in Escherichia coli to produce 42 kDa chitinase (Ta-CHI42); then determined the activity of this enzyme, characterizations and in vitro antifungal activity as well as its immunogenicity in mice.

Preventive oral health care use for children with special health care needs aged 6 through 12 years enrolled in Medicaid: A mixed methods study.

Background: The authors aimed to assess preventive oral health care (POHC) use for children with special health care needs (CSHCN) aged 6 through 12 years enrolled in Medicaid and identify intervention strategies to improve oral health.

Methods: In this sequential mixed methods study, the authors analyzed 2012 Medicaid data for children aged 6 through 12 years in Washington state. They used eligibility and claims data to identify special health care needs status (independent variable) and POHC use (outcome variable).

Evaluating N-difluoromethyltriazolium triflate as a precursor for the synthesis of high molar activity [ F]fluoroform.

The trifluoromethyl group is a prominent motif in biologically active compounds and therefore of great interest for the labeling with the positron emitter fluorine-18 for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Multiple labeling strategies have been explored in the past; however, most of them suffer from low molar activity due to precursor degradation. In this study, the potential of 1-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-3-ium triflate as precursor for the synthesis of the [ F]trifluoromethylation building block [ F]fluoroform with high molar activity was investigated.

Automated Synthesis and Initial Evaluation of (4'-Amino-5',8'-difluoro-1'H-spiro[piperidine-4,2'-quinazolin]-1-yl)(4-[F]fluorophenyl)methanone for PET/MR Imaging of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase.

Background: Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation, especially microglial activity, and may potentially represent a useful biomarker of neuroinflammation. In this study, we carefully defined a strategic plan to develop iNOS-targeted molecular PET imaging using (4'-amino-5',8'-difluoro-1'H-spiro[piperidine-4,2'-quinazolin]-1-yl)(4-fluorophenyl)methanone ([F]FBAT) as a tracer in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced brain inflammation.

Methods: An model, murine microglial BV2 cell line, was used to assess the uptake of [F]FBAT in response to iNOS induction at the cellular level.

Retroileal colorectal anastomosis after left-sided or transverse colectomy for advanced serous carcinoma of the ovary or uterus.

The ability to achieve complete or optimal cytoreduction in advanced or recurrent ovarian and uterine cancer is a well-established prognostic factor. Colonic resections are commonly required to achieve minimal or no residual disease. When multiple colonic resections are required there is a corresponding difficulty in obtaining sufficient colonic mobility to create tension-free anastomoses for restoration of gastrointestinal continuity; specifically, when a left hemicolectomy or a transverse colectomy is required in addition to a rectosigmoid resection, it may be difficult to achieve a tension-free colorectal anastomosis.

Capturing Multiple Disease Resistance in Wheat through Intergeneric Hybridization.

Derivatives from 4 species from the secondary gene pool of wheat-1 diploid (), 2 tetraploid (; ), and 1 hexaploid ()-were screened for resistance to Fusarium head blight, leaf rust, stem rust, and stripe rust. Where screening, genetic studies, and mapping were completed it was shown that all species carried resistance to multiple plant diseases. Some derived lines carried resistance to up to four different diseases.

Probing the fluorination effect on the self-assembly characteristics, fate and antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel prodrug nanoassemblies.

Small-molecule prodrug nanoassembly is emerging as an efficient platform for chemotherapy. The self-assembly stability plays a vital role on the drug delivery efficiency of prodrug nanoassembly. It is reported that fluoroalkylation could improve the self-assembly stability of amphiphilic polymers by utilizing the unique fluorination effect.

Risk of venous thromboembolism in ovarian cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and define clinical risk factors associated with the development of new-onset VTE in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for ovarian cancer (OC).

Methods: An institutional ovarian cancer database was used to identify all OC patients receiving NACT from 04/2015-09/2018. VTE events were recorded and included clinically diagnosed deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE).

Survival outcomes in older men with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with androgen receptor inhibitors: a US Food and Drug Administration pooled analysis of patient-level data from three randomised trials.

Background: Little is known about the benefit-risk profile of second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors in older men with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. We aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors in men aged 80 years or older with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Methods: We searched for all randomised controlled clinical trials evaluating second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration before Aug 15, 2020, and pooled data from three trials that met the selection criteria.

Self-stabilized Pt(IV) amphiphiles by precise regulation of branch length for enhanced chemotherapy.

A surge of platinum(IV) compounds are utilized or investigated in cancer treatment but their therapeutic outcomes have been greatly compromised by remaining adverse effects and limited antitumor performance, attributable to nonspecific distribution and insufficient activation in tumor site. Herein, we designed a series of disulfide bond introduced Pt(IV)-lipid prodrugs with different branch length, all of which are able to self-stabilize into nanomedicine and be activated by high intracellular glutathione (GSH) level. The impact of precise modification of these prodrugs on their assembly stability, pharmacokinetics and cytotoxicity was probed to establish a connection between chemical structure and antiproliferation efficiency.