Kilogram Flash Joule Heating Synthesis with an Arc Welder.

Flash Joule heating has been used as a versatile solid-state synthesis method in the production of a wide range of products, including organic, inorganic, and ceramic products. Conventional flash Joule heating systems are large and customized, presenting significant barriers in the cost of assembly, the expertise needed to operate, and uniformity of results between different systems. Even laboratory-scale flash Joule heating systems struggle to operate above 10 g capacity, and they suffer from poor temperature controllability.

The Relationship between Surrogate Markers of Insulin Resistance and Occurrence of Colorectal Adenoma in Individuals under 50 Years Old: A Single-Center Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Background: Young-onset colorectal adenomas (YOAs) are precursors to early-onset colorectal cancer, a growing concern among individuals under 50 years old. This study investigated the association between surrogate markers of insulin resistance (IR) and YOAs occurrence. (2) Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 4467 individuals aged 20 to 49 years who underwent their first screening colonoscopy at Dong-A University Hospital from 2018 to 2022.

Harnessing Nature-Inspired Catechol Amino Acid to Engineer Sticky Proteins and Bacteria.

3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (DOPA) serves as a post-translational modification amino acid present in mussel foot proteins. Mussels exploit the exceptional adhesive properties of DOPA to adhere to a wide range of surfaces. This study presents the development of sticky proteins and bacteria through the site-specific incorporation of DOPA using Genetic Code Expansion Technology.

Cathode-Electrolyte Interphase Engineering toward Fast-Charging LiFePO Cathodes by Flash Carbon Coating.

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO, LFP) batteries are widely used in electric vehicles and energy storage systems due to their excellent cycling stability, affordability and safety. However, the rate performance of LFP remains limited due to its low intrinsic electronic and ionic conductivities. In this work, an ex situ flash carbon coating method is developed to enhance the interfacial properties for fast charging.

Flash-within-flash synthesis of gram-scale solid-state materials.

Sustainable manufacturing that prioritizes energy efficiency, minimal water use, scalability and the ability to generate diverse materials is essential to advance inorganic materials production while maintaining environmental consciousness. However, current manufacturing practices are not yet equipped to fully meet these requirements. Here we describe a flash-within-flash Joule heating (FWF) technique-a non-equilibrium, ultrafast heat conduction method-to prepare ten transition metal dichalcogenides, three group XIV dichalcogenides and nine non-transition metal dichalcogenide materials, each in under 5 s while in ambient conditions.

Electric Field Effects in Flash Joule Heating Synthesis.

Flash Joule heating has emerged as an ultrafast, scalable, and versatile synthesis method for nanomaterials, such as graphene. Here, we experimentally and theoretically deconvolute the contributions of thermal and electrical processes to the synthesis of graphene by flash Joule heating. While traditional methods of graphene synthesis involve purely chemical or thermal driving forces, our results show that the presence of charge and the resulting electric field in a graphene precursor catalyze the formation of graphene.

Phase-encoded fMRI tracks down brainstorms of natural language processing with subsecond precision.

Natural language processing unfolds information overtime as spatially separated, multimodal, and interconnected neural processes. Existing noninvasive subtraction-based neuroimaging techniques cannot simultaneously achieve the spatial and temporal resolutions required to visualize ongoing information flows across the whole brain. Here we have developed rapid phase-encoded designs to fully exploit the temporal information latent in functional magnetic resonance imaging data, as well as overcoming scanner noise and head-motion challenges during overt language tasks.

Kinetically Controlled Synthesis of Metallic Glass Nanoparticles with Expanded Composition Space.

Nanoscale metallic glasses offer opportunities for investigating fundamental properties of amorphous solids and technological applications in biomedicine, microengineering, and catalysis. However, their top-down fabrication is limited by bulk counterpart availability, and bottom-up synthesis remains underexplored due to strict formation conditions. Here, a kinetically controlled flash carbothermic reaction is developed, featuring ultrafast heating (>10 K s) and cooling rates (>10 K s), for synthesizing metallic glass nanoparticles within milliseconds.

Low-temperature grapho-epitaxial La-substituted BiFeO on metallic perovskite.

Bismuth ferrite has garnered considerable attention as a promising candidate for magnetoelectric spin-orbit coupled logic-in-memory. As model systems, epitaxial BiFeO thin films have typically been deposited at relatively high temperatures (650-800 °C), higher than allowed for direct integration with silicon-CMOS platforms. Here, we circumvent this problem by growing lanthanum-substituted BiFeO at 450 °C (which is reasonably compatible with silicon-CMOS integration) on epitaxial BaPbBiO electrodes.

Automated Laboratory Kilogram-Scale Graphene Production from Coal.

The flash Joule heating (FJH) method converts many carbon feedstocks into graphene in milliseconds to seconds using an electrical pulse. This opens an opportunity for processing low or negative value resources, such as coal and plastic waste, into high value graphene. Here, a lab-scale automation FJH system that allows the synthesis of 1.

Battery metal recycling by flash Joule heating.

The staggering accumulation of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and the growing scarcity of battery metal sources have triggered an urgent call for an effective recycling strategy. However, it is challenging to reclaim these metals with both high efficiency and low environmental footprint. We use here a pulsed dc flash Joule heating (FJH) strategy that heats the black mass, the combined anode and cathode, to >2100 kelvin within seconds, leading to ~1000-fold increase in subsequent leaching kinetics.

Synthesis of Clean Hydrogen Gas from Waste Plastic at Zero Net Cost.

Hydrogen gas (H ) is the primary storable fuel for pollution-free energy production, with over 90 million tonnes used globally per year. More than 95% of H is synthesized through metal-catalyzed steam methane reforming that produces 11 tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO ) per tonne H . "Green H " from water electrolysis using renewable energy evolves no CO , but costs 2-3× more, making it presently economically unviable.

Phase-encoded fMRI tracks down brainstorms of natural language processing with sub-second precision.

The human language system interacts with cognitive and sensorimotor regions during natural language processing. However, where, when, and how these processes occur remain unclear. Existing noninvasive subtraction-based neuroimaging techniques cannot simultaneously achieve the spatial and temporal resolutions required to visualize ongoing information flows across the whole brain.

Accurate measurements of particle emissions from a three-dimensional printer using a chamber test with a mixer-installed sampling system.

Recently, three-dimensional (3D) printing has attracted attention as a new manufacturing technology. However, there is lack of data and regulations regarding the emissions of ultrafine particles from 3D printers. Therefore, we investigated particle emissions from a 3D printer using a chamber system.

Tunable Hybridized Morphologies Obtained through Flash Joule Heating of Carbon Nanotubes.

Hybrid carbon nanomaterials, such as those that incorporate carbon nanotubes into graphene sheets, have been found to display interesting mechanical and electrical properties because of their covalent bonding and π-π stacking domains. However, synthesis of these hybrid materials is limited by the high energetic cost of techniques like chemical vapor deposition. Here, we demonstrate the solvent- and gas-free synthesis of a 2D carbon nanotube/graphene network through flash Joule heating of pristine carbon nanotubes.

[Dilatation of Superior Ophthalmic Vein and Visual Disturbance by Central Venous Stenosis: A Case Mimicking Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula].

Central venous stenosis is a relatively common complication in hemodialysis patients; however, jugular venous reflux (JVR) and increased intracranial pressure are rare, and associated progressive visual disturbance was reported in only a few cases. Here, we report a case of JVR with visual disturbance and increased intracranial pressure. Notably, the MRI was accompanied by a dilatation of the superior ophthalmic vein, which was mistaken for a cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (CSdAVF).

Turbostratic Boron-Carbon-Nitrogen and Boron Nitride by Flash Joule Heating.

Turbostratic layers in 2D materials have an interlayer misalignment. The lack of alignment expands the intrinsic interlayer distances and weakens the optical and electronic interactions between adjacent layers. This introduces properties distinct from those structures with well-aligned lattices and strong coupling interactions.

Electrocatalytic glycerol oxidation enabled by surface plasmon polariton-induced hot carriers in Kretschmann configuration.

Plasmonic hot carrier generation has attracted increasing attention due to its ability to convert light to electrical energy. The generation of plasmon-induced hot carriers can be achieved via Landau damping in the non-radiative decay process of the plasmonic excitation energy. Localized surface plasmons (LSPs) undergo both radiative and non-radiative decays, while surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) dissipate only via the non-radiative decay.

Montreal cognitive assessment reflects cognitive reserve.

Background: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is known to have discriminative power for patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Recently Cognitive Reserve (CR) has been introduced as a factor that compensates cognitive decline. We aimed to assess whether the MoCA reflects CR.

Salt stress affects global protein expression profiles of extracellular membrane-derived vesicles of Listeria monocytogenes.

Our previous study has suggested that Listeria monocytogenes produces extracellular membrane vesicles (MVs) and its general stress transcription factor sigma B (σ) affects the production of MVs under energy stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of MVs and perform global protein profiling for MVs with or without salt stress to understand the function of MVs in the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes.

Urine Methyl Hippuric Acid Levels in Acute Pesticide Poisoning: Estimation of Ingested Xylene Volume and Association with Clinical Outcome Parameters.

To determine the relationship between the oral ingestion volume of xylene and methyl hippuric acid (MHA) in urine, we measured MHA in 11 patients whose ingested xylene volume was identified. The best-fit equation between urine MHA and ingested amount of xylene was as follows: y (ingested amount of xylene, mL/kg) = -0.052x² + 0.

Topical application of palmitoyl-RGD reduces human facial wrinkle formation in Korean women.

Maintaining a youthful appearance is a common desire among the aging population. Loss of elasticity and dermal density constitutes major causes of wrinkle formation during skin aging. In particular, periorbital wrinkles comprise the critical assessment point of skin aging.

Effects of palmitoyl-KVK-L-ascorbic acid on skin wrinkles and pigmentation.

Wrinkle formation and abnormal pigmentation are major clinical alterations associated with skin aging. As the aim of our study was to investigate the effects of palmitoyl-KVK-L-ascorbic acid on skin aging, the anti-wrinkle and depigmentation effects of palmitoyl-KVK-L-ascorbic acid were evaluated by measuring collagen expression in dermal fibroblast cells and inhibition of melanogenesis in B16F1 cells, respectively. The anti-aging effect of palmitoyl-KVK-L-ascorbic acid cream was also evaluated against a placebo cream in a clinical trial.

Clostridium difficile-derived membrane vesicles induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and cytotoxicity in colonic epithelial cells in vitro.

Clostridium difficile is the most common etiological agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. This study investigated the secretion of membrane vesicles (MVs) from C. difficile and determined the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and cytotoxicity of C.

Effects of sphingosylphosphorylcholine on cryopreserved fat tissue graft survival.

Autogenous microfat grafting is widely used to augment depressed deformities or for other cosmetic purposes. Since the microfat survival rate is unpredictable due to absorption and calcification, previously cryopreserved fat is widely used for secondary procedures. Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) is a lysophospholipid, which has a role in several cellular responses, and is known to stimulate DNA synthesis and proliferation.