Is all physical activity equal? Investigating the total and domain-specific relationships between physical activity and cardiometabolic health in U.S. adults (NHANES 2013-2018).

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Physical activity (PA) reduces the likelihood of MetS, but it is a complex behavior and is accumulated in multiple domains.

Purpose: To cross-sectionally investigate the total and domain-specific relationships between PA and MetS in U.

Exploring Genetic Testing for Rare Disorders of Obesity: Experience and Perspectives of Pediatric Weight Management Providers.

This study describes experiences and perspectives of pediatric weight management (PWM) providers on the implementation of genetic testing for rare causes of obesity. Purposive and snowball sampling recruited PWM providers via email to complete a 23-question survey with multiple choice and open-ended questions. Analyses include descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's test, and qualitative analysis.

Parenting styles and dimensions in parents of children with developmental disabilities.

Parenting influences child development. There is limited research, however, related to parenting children who have developmental disabilities. The aims of this study were to: (1) describe the parenting styles and dimensions of parents of children with developmental disabilities and (2) assess differences in parenting styles and dimensions among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Down syndrome (DS), and spina bifida (SB).

The Impact of Stand-Biased Desks on Afterschool Physical Activity Behaviors of Elementary School Children.

The purpose of this secondary analysis was to assess whether students’ use of stand-biased desks during the school day influenced physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) during the afterschool period. By using a crossover design consisting of two 9-week intervention periods, 99 participants from grades 3, 4, and 6 were randomly assigned by their teacher to either a traditional (Group 1; sit−stand) or stand-biased (Group 2; stand−sit) desk in the classroom. The desk type then switched between intervention periods.

Photobiomodulation at 830 nm Reduced Nitrite Production by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Isolated from Multiple Sclerosis Subjects.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by high concentration of nitric oxide leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), a condition known as nitrosative stress. ROS and RNS produce the inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, reduction of adenosine triphosphate, and death of neurons, producing severe and irreversible damage in the central nervous system of people with MS (PwMS). Current drug treatments for MS focus on the regulation of immune response in acute stages of disease, but they do not regulate nitrosative stress which is present in the acute and chronic stages of disease.

Stand-Biased Desks Impact on Cognition in Elementary Students Using a Within-Classroom Crossover Design.

There is emerging literature that standing desk interventions may help to improve cognitive performance in school-aged children. The current study examines how desks that promote standing affect cognition over the course of a school year in third, fourth, and sixth graders. Nighty-nine students between the ages of 8 and 12 (M = 10.

Photobiomodulation Modulates Interleukin-10 and Interferon Gamma Production by Mononuclear Cells from Healthy Donors and Persons with Multiple Sclerosis.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy was previously shown to reduce the clinical severity of disease and modulated pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous observations were extended to determine the effect of PBM therapy on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD4 T cells isolated from persons with MS (PwMS) and healthy donors. Using an cell culture system, isolated cells were activated and treated with red or near-infrared light wavelengths to determine the effect of PBM on the production of interferon gamma and interleukin-10 (IL-10).

Objective Physical Activity Levels, Sedentary Time, and Muscle Mass, Strength, and Function: Impact on Physical and Mental Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults.

Limited physical activity, sedentary behavior, and reduction in muscle mass, strength, and function are accompanied by negative outcomes. The relationship between these factors and physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has yet to be elucidated in continuing care retirement community (CCRC) residents. The current study investigated the relationships among physical activity, sedentary behavior, and muscle mass, strength, and function to physical and mental HRQoL.

Self-management processes, sedentary behavior, physical activity and dietary self-management behaviors: impact on muscle outcomes in continuing care retirement community residents.

Background: Despite the known benefits of non-sedentary behavior, physical activity, and protein and caloric intake to health and muscle mass, strength, and function, many older adults do not meet physical activity and dietary recommendations. A better understanding of the factors associated with sedentary behavior, physical activity and dietary self-management behaviors, and muscle outcomes (muscle mass, strength, and function) is needed, particularly among continuing care retirement community residents. The objective of this study was to examine the factors associated with sedentary behavior, physical activity and dietary self-management behaviors, and muscle outcomes among continuing care retirement community residents.

Accelerometer Calibration: The Importance of Considering Functionality.

Purpose: To compare the accuracy and precision of a hip-worn accelerometer to predict energy cost during structured activities across motor performance and disease conditions.

Methods: 118 adults self-identifying as healthy ( = 44) and those with arthritis ( = 23), multiple sclerosis ( = 18), Parkinson's disease ( = 17), and stroke ( =18) underwent measures of motor performance and were categorized into groups: Group 1, usual; Group 2, moderate impairment; and Group 3, severe impairment. The participants completed structured activities while wearing an accelerometer and a portable metabolic measurement system.

Validation of Wearable Camera Still Images to Assess Posture in Free-Living Conditions.

Purpose: To assess the convergent validity of body worn wearable camera (WC) still-images (IMGs) for determining posture compared with activPAL (AP) classifications.

Methods: Participants (n=16, mean age 46.7±23.

Examining the effects of multiple chronic conditions on cognitive decline and potential moderators among older Koreans: Findings from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing 2006-2016.

Background: More than half of older Koreans have two or more chronic conditions, known as multiple chronic conditions (MCC). Successful self-management (e.g.

Identification of Latent Classes of Motor Performance in a Heterogenous Population of Adults.

Objective: To determine classes of motor performance based on community deployable motor impairment and functional tests in a heterogeneous adult population.

Design: Sixteen tests of limb-specific and whole-body measures of motor impairment and function were obtained. Linear regression analysis was used to dichotomize performance on each test as falling within or outside the age- and sex-predicted values.

Attentiveness and Fidgeting While Using a Stand-Biased Desk in Elementary School Children.

Standing desks are a viable option to decrease sedentary time in the classroom. However, it is important that standing desks are not detrimental to classroom behavior or learning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of stand-biased desks on fidgeting and attentiveness.

Acceptance and Feasibility of Seated Elliptical Pedaling to Replace Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility and acceptability of a seated pedaling device to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) in the homes of older adults.

Methods: Each participant (N = 20) was outfitted with an activity monitor and seated pedaling device in the home for 7 days and randomly assigned to one of four light-intensity pedaling groups (15, 30, 45, and 60 min/day).

Results: There was 100% adherence in all groups and significant group differences in the minutes pedaled per day (p < .

US data on children and youth caregivers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Objective: An estimated 1.4 million young caregivers (<19 years of age) in the United States provide care to ill family members yet remain hidden from state and national caregiving programs and services, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) caregiving services. Given the intensive care needs and acuity of ALS, appreciation of the young caregiver experience within the family context may have a significant impact on patient and family quality of life.

Do Stand-Biased Desks in the Classroom Change School-Time Activity and Sedentary Behavior?

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stand-biased desks on the physical activity and sedentary behavior of third, fourth and sixth grade students across the school year. : This within classroom crossover design study used teacher-determined allocation for seating within each classroom. Half of the students used a stand-biased desk and half used a sitting desk.

Pattern Analysis of Sedentary Behavior Change after a Walking Intervention.

Objectives: We examined the pattern of change in sedentary behavior (SB) resulting from a physical activity (PA) intervention in older adults, and the influence of sex on changes in SB.

Methods: One hundred twenty (N = 120) inactive older adults from 2 12-week step/day-target interventions were included in this pooled reanalysis. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention (STEP) or control group (CON).

Isotemporal Substitution of Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity on Function.

Unlabelled: The amount of time spent in sedentary behaviors (SB) progressively increases with age, while reducing time spent in light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). These trajectories in PA and SB are linked to accelerated reductions in physical functioning.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the association of substituting SB time with LPA and MVPA on physical function in older adults.

Population Analysis of Adverse Events in Different Age Groups Using Big Clinical Trials Data.

Background: Understanding adverse event patterns in clinical studies across populations is important for patient safety and protection in clinical trials as well as for developing appropriate drug therapies, procedures, and treatment plans.

Objectives: The objective of our study was to conduct a data-driven population-based analysis to estimate the incidence, diversity, and association patterns of adverse events by age of the clinical trials patients and participants.

Methods: Two aspects of adverse event patterns were measured: (1) the adverse event incidence rate in each of the patient age groups and (2) the diversity of adverse events defined as distinct types of adverse events categorized by organ system.

Muscle activation and energy expenditure of sedentary behavior alternatives in young and old adults.

The physiological mechanisms that underlie the metabolic benefits of breaking up sedentary behavior (SB) have yet to be determined. The purpose of this study is to compare energy expenditure (EE) and muscle activation (MA) responses to sitting and four SB alternatives in younger and older adults. Twenty-two adults, grouped by age (21-35 and 62-76 years), completed five randomly ordered 20 min tasks: (1) continuous sitting (Sit), (2) sitting on a stability ball (Ball), (3) continuous standing (Stand), (4) sitting interrupted by walking (S/W), and (5) sitting interrupted by standing (S/S).

Accuracy of Direct Observation to Assess Physical Activity in Older Adults.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of direct observation (DO) to estimate MET level and intensity category during laboratory-based and free-living activity in older adults. Older adults engaged in unstructured laboratory and free-living activity. Participants wore a portable metabolic system to measure energy expenditure and were directly observed.

A profile of support group use and need among middle-aged and older adults with multiple sclerosis.

This study compared middle-aged and older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS, N = 1,275) according to their use of support groups and identified factors associated with perceived need. Over 64.6% (n = 824) of participants had attended a MS support group meeting at least once.

Perceptions of cognitive symptoms among people aging with multiple sclerosis and their caregivers.

Objective: We sought to examine the nature and extent of agreement on cognitive symptoms reported by people aging with multiple sclerosis (MS) and their primary caregivers and the factors associated with disagreement.

Method: Data were generated from telephone interviews with 279 dyads of people with MS and their caregivers.

Results: Eighty dyads (28.

Injurious falls among middle aged and older adults with multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, receiving medical attention for a recent injurious fall among middle-aged and older adults who have multiple sclerosis (MS).

Design: Survey.

Setting: United States.