Advancement in utilization of magnetic resonance imaging and biomarkers in the understanding of schizophrenia.

Historically, psychiatric diagnoses have been made based on patient's reported symptoms applying the criteria from diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. The utilization of neuroimaging or biomarkers to make the diagnosis and manage psychiatric disorders remains a distant goal. There have been several studies that examine brain imaging in psychiatric disorders, but more work is needed to elucidate the complexities of the human brain.

High-dimensional mediation analysis to elucidate the role of metabolites in the association between PFAS exposure and reduced SARS-CoV-2 IgG in pregnancy.

Objective: We previously found that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) mixture exposure is inversely associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG (IgG) antibody levels in pregnant individuals. Here, we aim to identify metabolites mediating this relationship to elucidate the underlying biological pathways.

Methods: We included 59 pregnant participants from a US-based pregnancy cohort.

Identifying the Brain Circuits that Regulate Pain-Induced Sleep Disturbances.

Unlabelled: Pain therapies that alleviate both pain and sleep disturbances may be the most effective for pain relief, as both chronic pain and sleep loss render the opioidergic system, targeted by opioids, less sensitive and effective for analgesia. Therefore, we first studied the link between sleep disturbances and the activation of nociceptors in two acute pain models. Activation of nociceptors in both acute inflammatory (AIP) and opto-pain models led to sleep loss, decreased sleep spindle density, and increased sleep fragmentation that lasted 3 to 6 hours.

Trends and projections of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Asia: a three-decade analysis and forecast through 2031 using global burden of disease study (1990 - 2021).

Background: The rapid rise of non-communicable diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), poses a significant global public health challenge, with South Asia experiencing an increasingly severe burden. This study aimed to analyse historical trends of T2DM across South Asia from 1990 to 2021 and forecast incidence through 2031.

Research Design And Methods: We carried out analysis based on the data from the 2021 Global burden of disease study.

Identification of ABHD6 as a lysophosphatidylserine lipase in the mammalian liver and kidneys.

Lysophosphatidylserine (lyso-PS) is a potent hormone-like signaling lysophospholipid, which regulates many facets of mammalian biology and dysregulation in its metabolism is associated with several human neurological and autoimmune diseases. Despite the physiological importance and causal relation with human pathophysiology, little is known about the metabolism of lyso-PS in tissues other than the nervous and immune systems. To address this problem, here, we attempted to identify one (or more) lipase(s) capable of degrading lyso-PS in different mammalian tissues.

Optimum diagnostic pathway and pathologic confirmation rate of early stage lung cancer: Results from the VIOLET randomised controlled trial.

Background: Pathologic confirmation of lung cancer influences treatment selection for suspected early-stage lung cancer. High pre-treatment tissue confirmation rates are recommended. We sought to define management and outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for primary lung cancer in a UK multi-centre clinical trial.

Degradation of ciprofloxacin using CoFeO@three-dimensional TiO@graphene aerogels composite: kinetic, reusability, mineralization, degradation pathway, and toxicity assessment.

An investigation into the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) under visible light was carried out using an efficient photocatalyst, i.e., CoFeO@3D-TiO@GA, synthesized by doping CoFeO@three-dimensional-TiO into a hierarchical porous graphene aerogel.

Triazolyl-phosphole and triazolyl-azaphosphole: synthesis, transition metal complexes and catalytic studies.

Phosphole and azaphosphole derivatives with triazole functionalities, [CH{1,2,3-NCCHC(PPh)}] (L1) and [CH{1,2,3-NC(Ph)C(PPh)}] (L2) were synthesized by reacting [(CH)(1,2,3-NC = CH--Br-CH)] and [(-Br-CH)(1,2,3-NC = CHCH)] with BuLi followed by the addition of dichlorophenylphosphine. The reactions of L1 and L2 with an excess of 30% HO afforded phosphole oxides [CH{1,2,3-NCCHC(P(O)Ph)}] (L1O) and [CH{1,2,3-NC(Ph)C(P(O)Ph)}] (L2O) as white crystalline solids. Stoichiometric reactions of L1 and L2 with [Ru(η--cymene)Cl] in CHCl yielded [RuCl(η--cymene)(L1-κ-)] (1) and [RuCl(η--cymene)(L2-κ-)] (2), respectively.

Comparison of Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate Versus Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Indian Cirrhotic Patients: Report of a Pilot Study.

Background: Renal impairment significantly affects morbidity and mortality rates of cirrhosis patients. Studies on glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) estimation did not include cirrhosis patients. These equations are erroneous and unreliable in cirrhosis due to sarcopenia.

Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries Among Children Visiting the Outpatient Department of a Dental Hospital in Meerut City: An Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) represents a significant public health challenge, characterized by the rapid decay of primary teeth in young children. This condition adversely affects oral health, overall well-being, and quality of life (QoL).

Aim: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of ECC among children attending a dental outpatient department in Meerut City.

Meditation as a Therapy or a Threat: A Case Series.

Meditation is an approach to self-regulate the emotions. Meditation has a beneficial effect on both physical and mental health. Various forms of meditation practices prevail in many religions and cultures for human well-being.

Mapping heat tolerance QTLs in backcross introgression lines to enhance thermotolerance in wheat.

Wheat, a major cereal crop, is the most consumed staple food after rice in India. Frequent episodes of heat waves during the past decade have raised concerns about food security under impending global warming and necessitate the development of heat-tolerant wheat cultivars. Wild relatives of crop plants serve as untapped reservoirs of novel genetic variations.

Comparison of neutral and sniffing position for ease of endotracheal intubation using Airtraq optical laryngoscope-A randomized trial.

Background: Traditionally, the sniffing position has been considered a standard head and neck position during direct laryngoscopy. The perfect head and neck position for video laryngoscopy has yet not been described. Hence, we planned the present study to compare the neutral and sniffing position for ease of intubation using Airtraq.

The scavenging mechanism of hydrazone compounds towards HOO˙ and CHOO˙ radicals: a computational mechanistic and kinetic study.

In this study, a detailed DFT investigation was conducted to systematically analyze the scavenging activity of six hydrazone compounds (1-6) against HOO˙ and CHOO˙ radicals. Three mechanistic pathways were explored: hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SETPT), and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET). These mechanisms were evaluated based on thermodynamic parameters, including bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), ionization potential (IP), proton dissociation enthalpy (PDE), proton affinity (PA), and electron transfer enthalpy (ETE) in the gas phase, water, and pentyl ethanoate.

Immunomodulatory properties of Giloy () leaves and its applications in value-added products.

In Ayurvedic texts, Giloy ( have been known as the most potent and important medicinal product. Giloy leaves have been used for centuries to cure various ailments and diseases in the human body. This review highlights that giloy leaves have immunomodulatory properties and can be used to develop functional food products.

Surface Engineered Nanoparticles Coupled with Pattern Recognition Techniques for Rapid Identification and Discrimination of Multiple Thiols in a Real Sample Matrix.

Thiols, including Cysteine (CYS) and Glutathione (GSH), play pivotal roles in numerous physiological processes as they are integral components of many essential biomolecules and are found abundantly in foods such as additives and antioxidants. Any deviations in thiol concentrations can disrupt normal physiological functions, affecting the body's metabolism and potentially leading to diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, etc. Consequently, the imperative need for developing reliable and robust techniques for thiol analysis is crucial for early disease detection and ensuring food safety.

Association between vascular endothelial growth factor and atrial fibrillation: a systematic review.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent form of sustained cardiac arrhythmia, with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increasingly recognized for its potential role in the pathogenesis of AF through mechanisms involving atrial remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis. This systematic review aims to synthesize available evidence on the association between VEGF and AF, exploring the implications of VEGF as a biomarker and therapeutic target.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science until November 10 2024, selecting studies based on pre-defined criteria that involve adults with AF and measurements of VEGF levels.

A Similar Mutation in the AAUU-Rich Elements of the Mouse TNF Gene Results in a Distinct Ileocolitic Phenotype: A New Strain of TNF-Overexpressing Mice.

Background: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The stability of its mRNA transcript, determined in part by destabilizing sequences in its AAUU repeats (ARE) gene region, is an important regulator of its tissue and systemic levels. A deletion in the ARE region of the gene resulted in IBD and arthritis in mice and pigs, supporting a critical role for the cytokine in human IBD and several human arthritides.

A fluorometric sensor for Tin(II) detection using Azomethine-Triazole organosilane: Turn-off mechanism, antioxidant activity and molecular docking insights.

The need for metal ion sensors is increasing daily due to the harmful impact of metal ions on human health, the environment, and the aquatic ecosystem. The present study highlights synthesizing an azomethine functionalized triazole allied organosilane (5a) probe as a turn-off fluorometric sensor for Sn(II) recognition with high anti-interference even when the other metal ions are present. The probe (5a) offers a detection limit of up to 6.

Electrocatalytic Micelle-Driven Hydrodefluorination for Accessing Unprotected Monofluorinated Indoles.

Toxic organic solvents and electrolytes, traditionally indispensable for electro-organic synthesis, are now being reconsidered. In developing more sustainable electro-organic synthesis, we've harnessed the aqueous micelles as solvents and electrolyte-like structures when deformed under an electric field. The technology is showcased in synthetically highly valued hydrodefluorination reactions of difluorinated indoles.

Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) in Acute Viral Myocarditis in Children: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Context: Acute myocarditis is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition in infants and children. While immunosuppressive agents have shown limited effectiveness, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) holds promise as a treatment option.

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in treating acute viral myocarditis in children.

Assessing groundwater quality and suitability for Agricultural use in Punjab, India: A spatial and temporal analysis.

Groundwater is a crucial global water resource; however, it faces the threat of depletion and quality degradation due to intensive agriculture and excessive fertilizer use. In India, groundwater assessments focus mainly on exploitation levels and often neglect quality. This study integrates groundwater quality with exploitation data to evaluate groundwater resources in Punjab, India.