Design, Implementation, and Assessment Approaches Within an Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Elective Course.

An estimated 38 million people are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide. Pharmacists are well positioned to provide care to patients with HIV, but gaps in HIV education among pharmacists exist. Recognizing the need to educate and prepare future pharmacists, a 2-credit advanced HIV elective course was created for Doctor of Pharmacy students at Washington State University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in the United States, and Masters of Clinical Pharmacy students from University of Western Cape School of Pharmacy in South Africa.

Strategies to Bring Transgender and Non-binary Health Care into Pharmacy Education.

Research has shown an increase in the number of people in the United States identifying as transgender and non-binary (TNB) . Many pharmacy schools and colleges do not offer any instruction specific to students interacting with and caring for TNB people, and practicing pharmacists have reported a lack of confidence in managing TNB patients. Regardless of the practice setting they choose, there is an increased likelihood that pharmacy graduates will serve TNB patients.

Assessment of Regular and NPH Insulin Concentration via Two Methods of Quantification: The Washington State Insulin Concentration Study (WICS).

Background: Recent reports have suggested that insulin vials purchased in community pharmacies do not meet the minimum required intact insulin concentration (≥95 U/mL) as defined by the United States Pharmacopeia. We sought to independently obtain multidose human insulin vials from a variety of community pharmacies across the state of Washington and quantitatively measure intact insulin.

Methods: Sixty 10-mL vials of insulin ( = 30 regular human insulin and = 30 neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin) were purchased and assayed.

A cross-sectional survey evaluating transgender-related care education in United States pharmacy school curricula.

Introduction: The objectives of this study are to evaluate the extent of transgender-related care in current pharmacy school curricula, identify where transgender-related care is covered in the curriculum, describe how the content is delivered to pharmacy students, and review how student knowledge of transgender-related care is evaluated.

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized an online survey of curricular contacts of 142 pharmacy schools in the United States. Survey questions regarding transgender-related care were presented as multiple choice, ranking, and free-response.

Addition of Care for Transgender-Related Patient Care into Doctorate of Pharmacy Curriculum: Implementation and Preliminary Evaluation.

The number of transgender and gender-diverse patients seeking medical care in the United States is increasing. For many of these patients, pharmacotherapy is a part of their gender-affirming transition. Effective instructional methods and resources for teaching pharmacy students about this patient population's social considerations and medical treatments is lacking.

Health literacy of student pharmacists.

Introduction: The primary purpose of this study was to assess the health literacy levels of doctorate of pharmacy students. A secondary objective was to determine if a correlation exists between age, degree prior to pharmacy school, work experience, and health literacy status among these students.

Methods: Participants were first year doctorate of pharmacy students at an accredited college of pharmacy in the Southwestern United States.

Breadth of Statistical Training Among Pharmacy Residency Programs Across the United States.

Pharmacy residents' knowledge of biostatistics is a self-identified deficit. To describe statistical training practices across postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) pharmacy residency programs and correlate training practices with residency program directors' (RPDs) confidence in their residents' statistical abilities. A 13-item survey was sent to PGY1 RPDs and included questions regarding respondents' institution, program characteristics, type and amount of statistical training offered and desired, as well as performance of statistics, resident project publication rates, and RPDs' confidence in residents' statistical abilities.

Incorporating a pharmacist into an interprofessional team providing transgender care under a medical home model.

Purpose: A pharmacist's role in providing care to transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) patients within a medical home model of care is described.

Summary: A comprehensive transgender services clinic was established in February 2015 in New Mexico. Clinic services are provided under an "informed consent" model of care, as opposed to the traditional "gatekeeper" approach.