A Rare Case of Right Fourth Branchial Fistula: A Diagnostic Challenge.

Fourth branchial anomalies are extremely rare and are often misdiagnosed. A recurrent history of anterior neck discharges or infections since childhood should raise a high clinical suspicion of branchial fistula and necessitate a thorough clinical, endoscopic, and radiological evaluation. We report a rare case of right-sided fourth branchial fistula in a middle-aged lady who was referred to us for recurrent right neck infections since childhood and had received multiple courses of antibiotics and drainage of abscesses.

Neck Space Infection: A Retrospective Study of 40 Cases at a Tertiary Care Center in Sibu, Malaysia.

This study is intended to explore the relationship of etiologies of neck space infection (NSI) and its prevalent microorganisms of NSI and to compare the treatments and its clinical outcomes with other studies. A retrospective study of 1 year duration from April 2022-April 2023 at ENT department Hospital Sibu includes total 40 NSI patients. 30 male and 10 female patients, with a male-to-female ratio of 3 were studied, with a mean age of 35.

A new radiological classification for the risk assessment of anterior skull base injury in endoscopic sinus surgery.

Keros and Gera classifications are widely used to assess the risk of skull base injury during endoscopic sinus surgery. Although, both classifications are useful preoperatively to stratify risk of patients going for surgery, it is not practical to measure the respective lengths during surgery. In this study, we aimed to propose a new radiological classification (Thailand-Malaysia-Singapore (TMS)) to assess the anatomical risk of anterior skull base injury using the orbital floor (OF) as a reference.

Is orbital floor a reliable and useful surgical landmark in endoscopic endonasal surgery?: a systematic review.

Background: The orbital floor is considered as an important intraoperative reference point in endoscopic sinonasal surgery. The aim of this review is to evaluate its reliability and usefulness as a surgical landmark in endoscopic endonasal surgery.

Methods: A literature search was performed on electronic databases, namely PUBMED.