Associations between prenatal exposure to PFAS and cardiometabolic health in preadolescents.

Introduction: While a number of studies have examined the effects of prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on childhood obesity, the results reported have been inconsistent and few studies have integrated biological markers. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between prenatal exposure to PFAS and cardiometabolic health parameters at age 12, taking pubertal stage into consideration.

Method: This study included 394 mother-child pairs enrolled in the PELAGIE mother-child cohort (France).

Persistence of subcutaneous versus intravenous infliximab in a real-life cohort: A propensity-score matched comparative analysis.

Background: There is limited comparative data on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) switched from intravenous to subcutaneous infliximab and those continuing intravenously. This study aimed to compare the persistence and tolerance of subcutaneous and intravenous infliximab and the outcomes of patients resuming intravenous infliximab.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-centre cohort study involving IBD patients treated with maintenance intravenous infliximab.

Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and its impact on the ovarian reserve at 12 years old in the PELAGIE mother-child cohort.

Although the ovarian reserve is constituted in utero, the literature on the effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) during this vulnerable period on the ovarian reserve later in life is limited. We investigated whether cord blood concentrations of POPs were associated with decreased anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH, a marker of the ovarian reserve) levels in girls at the age of 12. We included 239 girls from the French mother-child PELAGIE cohort.

Placental DNA methylation signatures of prenatal air pollution exposure and potential effects on birth outcomes: an analysis of three prospective cohorts.

Background: Pregnancy air pollution exposure (PAPE) has been linked to a wide range of adverse birth and childhood outcomes, but there is a paucity of data on its influence on the placental epigenome, which can regulate the programming of physiological functions and affect child development. This study aimed to investigate the association between prenatal air pollutant exposure concentrations and changes in placental DNA methylation patterns, and to explore the potential windows of susceptibility and sex-specific alterations.

Methods: This multi-site study used three prospective population-based mother-child cohorts: EDEN, PELAGIE, and SEPAGES, originating from four French geographical regions (Nancy, Poitiers, Brittany, and Grenoble).

Urban environment during pregnancy and childhood and white matter microstructure in preadolescence in two European birth cohorts.

Growing evidence suggests that urban environment may influence cognition and behavior in children, but the underlying pollutant and neurobiological mechanisms are unclear. We evaluated the association of built environment and urban natural space indicators during pregnancy and childhood with brain white matter microstructure in preadolescents, and examined the potential mediating role of air pollution and road-traffic noise. We used data of the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands (n = 2725; 2002-2006) for the primary analyses.

Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Child Behavior at Age 12: A PELAGIE Mother-Child Cohort Study.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemical substances spread throughout the environment worldwide. Exposure during pregnancy represents a specific window of vulnerability for child health.

Objective: Our objective was to assess the impact of prenatal exposure to multiple PFAS on emotional and behavioral functions in 12-y-old children.

Scannotation: A Suspect Screening Tool for the Rapid Pre-Annotation of the Human LC-HRMS-Based Chemical Exposome.

In an increasingly chemically polluted environment, rapidly characterizing the human chemical exposome (i.e., chemical mixtures accumulating in humans) at the population scale is critical to understand its impact on health.

High-resolution mass spectrometry identifies delayed biomarkers for improved precision in acetaminophen/paracetamol human biomonitoring.

Paracetamol/acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) is a top selling analgesic used in more than 600 prescription and non-prescription pharmaceuticals. To study efficiently some of the potential undesirable effects associated with increasing APAP consumption (e.g.

Meconium Concentrations of Pesticides and Risk of Hypospadias: A Case-Control Study in Brittany, France.

Background: Hypospadias is a male genital tract defect for which an increase in prevalence has been documented over the last few decades. A role for environmental risk factors is suspected, including prenatal exposure to pesticides.

Objectives: To study the risk of hypospadias in association with multiple pesticide measurements in meconium samples.

Screen Time at 6 Years Old and Visual Function in Early Adolescence.

Excessive screen time has been linked to adverse health outcomes in children, including vision-related problems such as myopia. However, very few studies have evaluated the effect of moderate screen exposure on the development of visual functions. This study aimed to examine the association between screen time during middle childhood and color discrimination, contrast sensitivity, and short-range visual acuity in 12-year-old children ( = 305) from the mother-child PELAGIE cohort (France) for the whole sample and for boys and girls separately.

-Lactam Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment in Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Prospective, Observational, Cohort Study.

Background: The aims of this study were to describe pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment in intensive care unit (ICU) patients treated with continuously infused -lactam antibiotics, their associated covariates, and the impact of dosage adjustment.

Methods: This prospective, observational, cohort study was performed in three ICUs. Four -lactams were continuously infused, and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) was performed at days 1, 4, and 7.

Prenatal and childhood exposure to ambient air pollution and cognitive function in school-age children: Examining sensitive windows and sex-specific associations.

Background: Combined effect of both prenatal and early postnatal exposure to ambient air pollution on child cognition has rarely been investigated and periods of sensitivity are unknown. This study explores the temporal relationship between pre- and postnatal exposure to PM, PM, NO and child cognitive function.

Methods: Using validated spatiotemporally resolved exposure models, pre- and postnatal daily PM, PM (satellite based, 1 km resolution) and NO (chemistry-transport model, 4 km resolution) concentrations at the mother's residence were estimated for 1271 mother-child pairs from the French EDEN and PELAGIE cohorts.

Prenatal exposure to multiple persistent organic pollutants in association with adiposity markers and blood pressure in preadolescents.

Background: Several studies have reported that prenatal exposure to some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is associated with higher adiposity in childhood. Few studies have assessed whether this finding persists into adolescence, and few have considered exposure to POPs as a mixture. This study aims to assess the association between prenatal exposure to multiple POPs and adiposity markers and blood pressure in preadolescents.

Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and molar-incisor hypomineralization among 12-year-old children in the French mother-child cohort PELAGIE.

Background: Exceptional episodes of exposure to high levels of persistent organic pollutants have already been associated with developmental defects of enamel among children, but knowledge is still scarce concerning the contribution of background levels of environmental contamination.

Methods: Children of the French PELAGIE mother-child cohort were followed from birth, with collection of medical data and cord blood samples that were used to measure polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCs), and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs). At 12 years of age, molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and other enamel defects (EDs) were recorded for 498 children.

Genome-wide analysis of sex-specific differences in the mother-child PELAGIE cohort exposed to organophosphate metabolites.

In recent decades, the detrimental effects of environmental contaminants on human health have become a serious public concern. Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are widely used in agriculture, and the negative impacts of OP and its metabolites on human health have been demonstrated. We hypothesized that exposure to OPs during pregnancy could impose damaging effects on the fetus by affecting various processes.

Interventions to Reduce Exposure to Synthetic Phenols and Phthalates from Dietary Intake and Personal Care Products: a Scoping Review.

Purpose Of Review: A scoping review was conducted to identify interventions that successfully alter biomarker concentrations of phenols, glycol ethers, and phthalates resulting from dietary intake and personal care product (PCPs) use.

Recent Findings: Twenty-six interventions in populations ranging from children to older adults were identified; 11 actively removed or replaced products, 9 provided products containing the chemicals being studied, and 6 were education-only based interventions. Twelve interventions manipulated only dietary intake with a focus on bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, 8 studies intervened only on PCPs use and focused on a wider range of chemicals including BPA, phthalates, triclosan, parabens, and ultraviolet absorbers, while 6 studies intervened on both diet and PCPs and focused on phthalates, parabens, and BPA and its alternatives.

Serum persistent organic pollutants and diminished ovarian reserve: a single-exposure and mixture exposure approach from a French case-control study.

Study Question: Are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) associated with a diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) in women of reproductive age?

Summary Answer: Amongst 17 POPs detected in over 20% of serum samples, only p,p'-DDE was significantly associated with an increased risk of DOR, and β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) was significantly associated with a decreased risk of DOR whilst mixture analyses yielded non-significant associations and did not detect any interactions between POPs.

What Is Known Already: Animal studies have shown that several POPs can alter folliculogenesis and increase follicle depletion. However, only a few studies have been conducted in humans, with small sample sizes and inconsistent results.

Introduction of short course treatment for latent tuberculosis infection at a primary care facility for refugees in Winnipeg, Canada: A mixed methods evaluation.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) End TB strategy document 'Toward tuberculosis elimination: an action framework for low incidence countries'-like Canada- identifies screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) for groups at increased risk for TB disease as a priority, including newcomers from endemic countries. In 2015, the clients-centered model offered at a primary care facility for refugees, BridgeCare Clinic, Winnipeg, Canada was evaluated. The model included LTBI screening, assessment, and treatment, and originally offered 9-months of isoniazid as treatment.

Determination of glyphosate and AMPA in indoor settled dust by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and implications for human exposure.

The widespread application of glyphosate leads to significant contamination of outdoor environmental compartments, notably air and soil, which can contaminate indoor air and dust. This study assessed the contamination of indoor household dust for the first time in France and potential exposure to glyphosate through the inadvertent ingestion of dust. A specific and new analytical method was developed using HILIC MS/MS (hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry) to measure polar pesticides, such as glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate, in indoor dust, with a low quantification limit (25 ng/g).

Persistent Organic Pollutant Exposure and Thyroid Function among 12-Year-Old Children.

Introduction: Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) having numerous toxicological properties, including thyroid endocrine disruption. Our aim was to assess the impact of POPs on thyroid hormones among 12-year-old children, while taking puberty into consideration.

Methods: Exposure to 7 PCBs, 4 OCPs, and 6 PFASs (in µg/L), and free tri-iodothyronine (fT3, pg/mL), free thyroxine (fT4, ng/dL), and thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH, mIU/L) were assessed through blood-serum measurements at age 12 years in 249 boys and 227 girls of the PELAGIE mother-child cohort (France).

Characterization of multiple pesticide exposure in pregnant women in Brittany, France.

Background: France is one of the biggest users of pesticides in Europe and exposure to pesticides is a current concern, especially when it occurs early in life.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the exposure of pregnant women in Brittany (western France) with high pesticide use.

Methods: The pesticides were selected according to agricultural practices.

Infant neurodevelopment and behavior in Guadeloupe after lead exposure and Zika maternal infection during pregnancy.

Background: Prenatal lead exposure is known to have neurotoxic effects on the developing fetus, while some viral infections may have a tropism for the central nervous system. Our objective was to study whether the effects of prenatal lead exposure on infant development and behaviors at 18 months of age are modified by the occurrence of a maternal infection to Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy.

Methods: During the ZIKV epidemic in Guadeloupe in 2016 a cohort of pregnant women was set up.