Long-Term Clinical and Biological Prognostic Factors of Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis in Children.

Background And Objectives: Anti-NMDAR encephalitis (NMDARE) is a severe neurologic condition, and recently, the NMDAR Encephalitis One-Year Functional Status (NEOS) score has emerged as a 1-year prognostic tool. This study aimed to evaluate NEOS score and biomarker (neurofilament light chains [NfL], total-Tau protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and serum cytokines) correlation with modified Rankin Scale (mRS), cognitive impairment, and clinical recovery in pediatric NMDARE over 2 years.

Methods: In this French multicenter observational study, 104 pediatric patients with NMDARE were followed for a minimum of 2 years.

Brain growth until adolescence after a neonatal focal injury: sex related differences beyond lesion effect.

Introduction: Early focal brain injuries lead to long-term disabilities with frequent cognitive impairments, suggesting global dysfunction beyond the lesion. While plasticity of the immature brain promotes better learning, outcome variability across individuals is multifactorial. Males are more vulnerable to early injuries and neurodevelopmental disorders than females, but long-term sex differences in brain growth after an early focal lesion have not been described yet.

Predicting and improving outcome in severe pediatric traumatic brain injury.

Introduction: Severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (spTBI), including abusive head trauma (AHT) in young children, is a major public health problem. Long-term consequences of spTBI include a large variety of physical, neurological, biological, cognitive, behavioral and social deficits and impairments.

Areas Covered: The present narrative review summarizes studies and reviews published from January 2019 to February 2024 on spTBI.

CO-OP Approach With Children and Youth With Executive Function Deficits After Acquired Brain Injury: A Qualitative Study of Care Partners' Involvement.

Importance: Care partners' involvement is a key feature of the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach that can enhance rehabilitation outcomes and promote the generalization and transfer of strategies and skills to everyday life. Gaining insight into care partners' experience with their child's CO-OP intervention is critical to understanding how to enhance care partners' involvement.

Objective: To gain insight into the experience of care partners whose child with acquired brain injury (ABI) participated in CO-OP intervention.

Behavior problems 7 years after severe childhood traumatic brain injury: Results of the Traumatisme Grave de L'Enfant study.

Purpose/objective: To investigate the occurrence of behavioral problems 7 years after severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), and their evolution from 3 months to 7 years postinjury.

Method/design: Thirty-four participants, 38% girls, () age at injury 7.6 (4.

Comprehensive assessment of executive functioning following childhood severe traumatic brain injury: clinical utility of the child executive functions battery.

Objectives: To perform a detailed description of executive functioning following moderate-to-severe childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to study demographic and severity factors influencing outcome.

Methods: A convenience sample of children/adolescents aged 7-16 years, referred to a rehabilitation department after a TBI ( = 43), was compared to normative data using a newly developed neuropsychological test battery (Child Executive Functions Battery-CEF-B) and the BRIEF.

Results: Performance in the TBI group was significantly impaired in most of the CEF-B subtests, with moderate to large effect sizes.

Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance to improve occupational performance goals for children with executive function deficits after acquired brain injury.

Aim: To determine the effectiveness of the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach in improving the occupational performance goals of children and young people with executive function deficits after acquired brain injury (ABI) (e.g. etiologies such as stroke, encephalitis, brain tumor, and traumatic brain injury).

Impact of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on the Cardiac Autonomic Function During Rehabilitation in Children After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) on cardiac autonomic control system (CACS) function in children after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) during the subacute rehabilitation period. Thirty-three participants, 8-18 years of age, 42 (14-149) days after severe TBI at the beginning of the subacute rehabilitation, were included in the study. Six participants were diagnosed with tSAH during acute medical care (tSAH group).

The impact of childhood acquired brain injury on siblings: a scoping review.

Objective: (a) To analyze the extent and nature of research on the impact of childhood acquired brain injury (ABI) on siblings, (b) to synthetize in a descriptive way the results of these studies and propose perspectives of care/support.

Method: A literature search of 3 databases was performed up to August 2022. Studies addressing issues around siblings of children with ABI were included in the scoping review.

Transatlantic progress in measurement of cognitive outcomes in paediatric oncology trials.

The importance of measuring quality of survival within paediatric oncology trials is increasingly recognised. However, capturing neuropsychological outcomes and other aspects of quality of survival in the context of large or multinational trials can be challenging. We provide examples of protocols designed to address this challenge recently employed in clinical trials in the USA and Europe.

Parental report of levels of care and needs 7-years after severe childhood traumatic brain injury: Results of the traumatisme grave de l'Enfant (TGE) cohort study.

This study investigated parental reports of the level of care and needs 7-years following severe childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the factors associated with this outcome. From the 65 children (0-15 years) consecutively admitted to the Parisian regional TBI reference intensive care unit following severe TBI, included in this prospective longitudinal study, 39 patients [M(SD) age at injury = 7.5 years (4.

Determining the Agreement Between Common Measures Related to Vestibulo-ocular Reflex Function After a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents.

Objective: To (1) determine the level of agreement between symptom provocation and performance-based tests of vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) function after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and (2) describe the level of symptom provocation induced by a VOR task in individuals with and without cervical findings.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: This study was conducted at a tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Balance impairment in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: Which measures are appropriate for assessment?

Left untreated, balance impairment following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be highly debilitating and hinder activities of daily life. To detect impairments, clinicians need appropriate assessment tools. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and utility of a battery of clinical balance assessments in adults with moderate-to-severe TBI within 6-months of injury.

The Cardiac Autonomic Response Recovery to the Modified Tilt Test in Children Post Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To assess the recovery of the cardiac autonomic control system (CACS) response to the modified tilt-test during rehabilitation, in children post moderate-severe TBI at the subacute phase post-injury.

Method: Thirty-seven children aged 6-18 years, 14-162 days post moderate-severe TBI, participated in the study. The assessment included CACS values evaluation (heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure) during the modified tilt-test: five minutes lying supine and five minutes passive standing.

Characterizing the evolution of oculomotor and vestibulo-ocular function over time in children and adolescents after a mild traumatic brain injury.

Background: Impairments to oculomotor (OM) and vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) function following pediatric mTBI have been demonstrated but are poorly understood. Such impairments can be associated with more negative prognosis, affecting physical and mental wellbeing, emphasizing the need to more fully understand how these evolve.

Objectives: to determine i) the extent to which performance on clinical and computerized tests of OM and VOR function varies over time in children and adolescents at 21 days, 3-, and 6-months post-mTBI; ii) the proportion of children and adolescents with mTBI presenting with abnormal scores on these tests at each timepoint.

Changes in the cardiac autonomic control system during rehabilitation in children after severe traumatic brain injury.

Background: One of the sequalae of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children is impaired function of the cardiac autonomic control system (CACS) at rest. The CACS response to conventional autonomic tests is little known.

Objective: To examine the CACS response to conventional autonomic tests in children after severe TBI during the rehabilitation period and to compare with typically developing (TD) children.

Assessment of Executive Function in Everyday Life-Psychometric Properties of the Norwegian Adaptation of the Children's Cooking Task.

: There are few standardized measures available to assess executive function (EF) in a naturalistic setting for children. The Children's Cooking Task (CCT) is a complex test that has been specifically developed to assess EF in a standardized open-ended environment (cooking). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, sensitivity and specificity, and also convergent and divergent validity of the Norwegian version of CCT among children with pediatric Acquired Brain Injury (pABI) and healthy controls (HCs).

Functional status 1 year after severe childhood traumatic brain injury predicts 7-year outcome: Results of the TGE study.

Background: Childhood severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of long-lasting acquired disability, but predicting long-term functional outcome remains difficult.

Objectives: This study aimed to 1) describe the functional outcome at 1 and 7 years post-TBI; 2) determine the initial and concurrent factors associated with long-term outcome; and 3) evaluate the predictive value of functional status, overall disability level and intellectual ability measured at 1 year post-injury to determine 7-year clinically meaningful outcomes.

Methods: Among the children (<16 years) consecutively included over 3 years in the Traumatisme Grave de l'Enfant (TGE) prospective longitudinal cohort study after accidental severe TBI, we studied the outcomes of 39 survivors at 1 and 7 years post-injury.

The development and the inter-rater agreement of a treatment protocol for vestibular/oculomotor rehabilitation in children and adolescents post-moderate-severe TBI.

There is limited evidence investigating the effect of vestibular/oculomotor rehabilitation programs in children and adolescents post moderate-severe TBI at the sub-acute stage.:To describe the development of a treatment protocol for vestibular/oculomotor interventions in this population, and to assess the inter-rater agreement of this protocol as an initial step of a clinical trial.:The protocol was developed by 10 health professionals, address the high variability of balance performance, the high prevalence of vestibular/oculomotor abnormalities and the low prevalence of symptoms reported in this population.

Evaluating the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review.

To identify the tests and tools used to evaluate vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) function after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in all age groups and across TBI severity. An electronic search was conducted to include relevant peer-reviewed literature published up to November 2019. Studies included those done with humans, of all ages, and had assessments of oculomotor and/or vestibulo-ocular function in TBI.