Development and validation of the CHIME simulation model to assess lifetime health outcomes of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in Chinese populations: A modeling study.

Background: Existing predictive outcomes models for type 2 diabetes developed and validated in historical European populations may not be applicable for East Asian populations due to differences in the epidemiology and complications. Despite the continuum of risk across the spectrum of risk factor values, existing models are typically limited to diabetes alone and ignore the progression from prediabetes to diabetes. The objective of this study is to develop and externally validate a patient-level simulation model for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in the East Asian population for predicting lifetime health outcomes.

Isolated 17,20-Lyase Deficiency in a Mutated Female With Normal Sexual Development and Fertility.

Isolated 17,20-lyase deficiency may be caused by mutations in the (coding for cytochrome P450c17), (coding for cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase) and (coding for microsomal cytochrome b5) genes. Of these, mutations in the gene have thus far only been described in genetic males who presented with methemoglobinemia and 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD) due to 17,20-lyase deficiency. A 24-year-old Chinese woman presented to the hematology outpatient clinic with purplish discoloration of fingers, toes, and lips since childhood.

Risk Prediction Scores for Mortality, Cerebrovascular, and Heart Disease Among Chinese People With Type 2 Diabetes.

Context: Risk scores for cardiovascular and mortality outcomes have not been commonly applied in Chinese populations.

Objective: To develop and externally validate a set of parsimonious risk scores [University of Hong Kong-Singapore (HKU-SG)] to predict the risk of mortality, cerebrovascular disease, and ischemic heart disease among Chinese people with type 2 diabetes and compare HKU-SG risk scores to other existing ones.

Design: Retrospective population-based cohorts drawn from Hong Kong Hospital Authority health records from 2006 to 2014 for development and Singapore Ministry of Health records from 2008 to 2016 for validation.

Salivary Cortisol and Cortisone After Low-Dose Corticotropin Stimulation in the Diagnosis of Adrenal Insufficiency.

Context: Basal and poststimulation salivary cortisol and cortisone levels can be useful in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. However, little is known about the optimal cutoffs and performance characteristics of these tests.

Objective: To derive the cutoff values and study the performance characteristics of salivary cortisol and salivary cortisone in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.

Risk of fall for people with diabetes.

Purpose: To examine the risk of fall for people with diabetes compared with healthy control subjects. Correlation between tactile sensation and postural control was examined for subjects with diabetes.

Methods: Subjects with type 2 diabetes were classified into two groups: (i) diabetes without neuropathy (n = 23) and (ii) diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) (n = 9).

Do the biomechanical properties of the ankle-foot complex influence postural control for people with Type 2 diabetes?

Background: The ankle-foot complex plays an important role in the mechanics of postural control. The objectives of this study were to compare the biomechanical properties of the ankle-foot complex of people with diabetes who had or did not have peripheral neuropathy with those healthy individuals; and to examine its correlation with postural control.

Methods: A total of 64 individuals participated in this study: 9 people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 23 diabetes without neuropathy, and 32 healthy controls.

Corticotropin tests for hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal insufficiency: a metaanalysis.

Context: The diagnostic value of tests for detecting hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal insufficiency (HPAI) is controversial.

Objective: Our objective was to compare standard-dose and low-dose corticotropin tests for diagnosing HPAI.

Data Sources: We searched the PubMed database from 1966-2006 for studies reporting diagnostic value of standard-dose or low-dose corticotropin tests, with patient-level data obtained from original investigators.

The use of aldosterone-renin ratio as a diagnostic test for primary hyperaldosteronism and its test characteristics under different conditions of blood sampling.

Recent reviews recommended the use of the aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR) to screen for primary hyperaldosteronism. However, widely different cutoff levels have been proposed, and test characteristics of ARR under different conditions of sampling are not known. We conducted a retrospective review among 45 subjects with carefully validated diagnoses of primary hyperaldosteronism and 17 subjects with essential hypertension to study the utility of ARR.

Increased bone mineral density in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism.

Bone mineral density (BMD) has been shown to be increased in postmenopausal females with postthyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism, but it is not known whether similar gains occur in patients with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. In this study, we measured the BMD of lumbar spine and proximal femur in 14 patients, 8 with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and 6 with postthyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Their age ranged from 23-57 yr old, with a mean of 42.