Does the regulation of skeletal muscle influence cognitive function? A scoping review of pre-clinical evidence.

Background: Cognitive impairment is a major challenge for elderlies, as it can progress in a rapid manner and effective treatments are limited. Sarcopenic elderlies have a higher risk of dementia. This scoping review aims to reveal whether muscle is a mediator of cognitive function from pre-clinical evidence.

Coapplication of Magnesium Supplementation and Vibration Modulate Macrophage Polarization to Attenuate Sarcopenic Muscle Atrophy through PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway.

Sarcopenia is an age-related geriatric syndrome characterized by the gradual loss of muscle mass and function. Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) was shown to be beneficial to structural and functional outcomes of skeletal muscles, while magnesium (Mg) is a cofactor associated with better indices of skeletal muscle mass and strength. We hypothesized that LMHFV, Mg and their combinations could suppress inflammation and sarcopenic atrophy, promote myogenesis via PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway in senescence-accelerated mouse P8 (SAMP8) mice and C2C12 myoblasts.

Preliminary Investigation of the Effect of Maceration Procedures on Bone Metabolome and Lipidome.

The study of post-mortem changes is a crucial component of forensic investigation. Human forensic taphonomic facilities (HFTFs) are the only institutions allowing the design and execution of controlled human decomposition experiments. When bodies are skeletonized, bones are normally stored in skeletal collections and used for anthropological studies.

Real-world treatment patterns, clinical outcomes, and health care resource utilization in advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

The incidence of advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in developed countries and the prognosis of advanced HCC remains poor. Real-world evidence of treatment patterns and outcomes can highlight the unmet clinical need. We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study of patients with advanced unresectable HCC diagnosed in Alberta, Canada (2008-2018) using electronic medical records and administrative claims data.

Transportability of Overall Survival Estimates From US to Canadian Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Implications for Regulatory and Health Technology Assessment.

Importance: The external validity of survival outcomes derived from clinical practice data from US patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not known and is of potential importance because it may be used to support regulatory decision-making and health technology assessment outside of the US.

Objective: To evaluate whether overall survival (OS) estimates for a selected group of patients with advanced NSCLC from a large US clinical practice database are transportable to Canadian patients receiving the same systemic therapies.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective multicenter cohort study used transportability analysis to assess whether adjustment for pretreatment characteristics of eligible patient cohorts could reliably approximate OS estimated from US-based samples to Canadian populations.

The influence of adjuvant chemotherapy dose intensity on overall survival in resected colon cancer: a multicentered retrospective analysis.

Background: Colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in North America. Fluorouracil and oxaliplatin based adjuvant chemotherapy for resected colon cancer (CC) reduces cancer recurrence, but also causes significant toxicity requiring dose reductions. The effect of dose intensity on survival outcomes is not fully understood and strengthening the evidence supports informed decision making between patients and oncologists.

The Sequential Use of Extracorporeal Cytokine Removal Devices in an Adolescent With COVID-19 Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.

A 14-year-old male developed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) after acquiring the SARS-CoV-2 infection. He deteriorated rapidly requiring inotropic and ventilatory support as well as continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) due to rhabdomyolysis-associated acute kidney injury. A hemoadsoprtion column Cytosorb® was first incorporated into the CRRT circuit for myoglobin and cytokines removal, which was followed by sequential use of another type of cytokine-removing hemofilter (Oxiris®) (altogether 100 hours of extracorporeal blood purification [EBP] therapy).

A palaeothermometer of ancient Indigenous fisheries reveals increases in mean temperature of the catch over five millennia.

Unlabelled: Climate change is altering the distribution and composition of marine fish populations globally, which presents substantial risks to the social and economic well-being of humanity. While deriving long-term climatic baselines is an essential step for detecting and attributing the magnitude of climate change and its impacts, these baselines tend to be limited to historical datasets and palaeoecological sediment records. Here, we develop a method for estimating the 'ancient Mean Temperature of the Catch' (aMTC) using Indigenous fisheries catch records from two archaeological sites in the northeast Pacific.

CDK12 is hyperactivated and a synthetic-lethal target in BRAF-mutated melanoma.

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and considered intrinsically resistant to chemotherapy. Nearly all melanomas harbor mutations that activate the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which contributes to drug resistance via poorly described mechanisms. Herein we show that the RAS/MAPK pathway regulates the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12), which is a transcriptional CDK required for genomic stability.

Metabolic Advantage of 25(OH)D versus 1,25(OH)D Supplementation in Infantile Nephropathic Cystinosis-Associated Adipose Tissue Browning and Muscle Wasting.

Manifestations of infantile nephropathic cystinosis (INC) often include cachexia and deficiency of circulating vitamin D metabolites. We examined the impact of 25(OH)D versus 1,25(OH)D repletion in null mice, a mouse model of INC. Six weeks of intraperitoneal administration of 25(OH)D (75 μg/kg/day) or 1,25(OH)D (60 ng/kg/day) resulted in mice corrected low circulating 25(OH)D or 1,25(OH)D concentrations.

Clinical Factors Associated with Long-Term Survival in Metastatic Melanoma Treated with Anti-PD1 Alone or in Combination with Ipilimumab.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for treatment of metastatic melanoma (MM) offer lasting overall survival (OS) benefit in a subset of patients. However, outcomes remain poor for non-responders. Clinical predictors of long-term survival remain elusive.

Understanding Treatment Patterns and Outcomes among Patients with De Novo Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: A Population-Level Retrospective Analysis from Alberta, Canada.

Despite a high disease burden, real-world data on treatment patterns in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC) in Canada are limited. This retrospective, longitudinal cohort study describes treatment patterns and survival in a population of patients with de novo unresectable la/mUC from Alberta, Canada, diagnosed between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019, followed until mid-2020. The outcomes of interest were systemic therapy treatment patterns and overall survival (OS).

Precision Oncology in Canada: Converting Vision to Reality with Lessons from International Programs.

Canada's healthcare system, like others worldwide, is immersed in a process of evolution, attempting to adapt conventional frameworks of health technology assessment (HTA) and funding models to a new landscape of precision medicine in oncology. In particular, the need for real-world evidence in Canada is not matched by the necessary infrastructure and technologies required to integrate genomic and clinical data. Since healthcare systems in many developed nations face similar challenges, we adopted a solutions-based approach and conducted a search of worldwide programs in personalized medicine, with an emphasis on precision oncology.

A novel image-based machine learning model with superior accuracy and predictability for knee arthroplasty loosening detection and clinical decision making.

Background: Loosening is the leading cause of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) revision. This is a heavy burden toward the healthcare system owing to the difficulty in diagnosis and complications occurring from the delay management. Based on automatic analytical model building, machine learning, may potentially help to automatically recognize the risk of loosening based on radiographs alone.

Recommendations on the post-acute management of the osteoporotic fracture - Patients with "very-high" Re-fracture risk.

Unlabelled: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease where there is low bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, leading to an increased risk of a fragility fracture. The aim of this clinical guideline from Fragility Fracture Network Hong Kong SAR, is to provide evidence-based recommendations on the post-acute treatment of the osteoporotic fracture patient that presents for clinical care at the Fracture Liaison Service (FLS). It is now well established that the incidence of a second fracture is especially high after the first 2 years of the initial osteoporotic fracture.

Protective Effect of Ergothioneine Against Stroke in Rodent Models.

Ergothioneine (ET) is a naturally occurring antioxidant and cytoprotective agent that is synthesized by fungi and certain bacteria. Recent studies have shown a beneficial effect of ET on neurological functions, including cognition and animal models of depression. The aim of this study is to elucidate a possible effect of ET in rodent models of stroke.

Types of Community Support Services and Self-Efficacy for Continuous Community Living among Individuals with Disabilities and Caregivers.

Unlabelled: This study explored the impacts of five types of community support services (i.e., center-based care, home-based care, respite care, caregiver assistance, and financial subsidies) on self-efficacy for continuous community living among individuals with disabilities and caregivers.

Contribution of coronal vertebral and IVD wedging to Cobb angle changes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis during growth.

Study Design: Prospective study BACKGROUND: Vertebral and intervertebral disc (IVD) wedging are often seen in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, the relationship between wedging and curve progression, and the change of wedging before bracing to final weaning is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern and sequence of vertebral and IVD wedging development, and to determine the relationship between the change of wedging and curve progression in AIS during growth.

Current therapeutic interventions combating biofilm-related infections in orthopaedics : a systematic review of in vivo animal studies.

Aims: Biofilm-related infection is a major complication that occurs in orthopaedic surgery. Various treatments are available but efficacy to eradicate infections varies significantly. A systematic review was performed to evaluate therapeutic interventions combating biofilm-related infections on in vivo animal models.

Gender differences in emergency medicine resident assessment: A scoping review.

Background: Growing literature within postgraduate medical education demonstrates that female resident physicians experience gender bias throughout their training and future careers. This scoping review aims to describe the current body of literature on gender differences in emergency medicine (EM) resident assessment.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review which adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.

Study on Risk Factors of Primary Non-traumatic OVCF in Chinese Elderly and a Novel Prediction Model.

Objective: Prevention of fragility fractures is one of the public health priorities worldwide, whilst the incidence of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) continues to rise and lacks the corresponding accurate prediction model. This study aimed to screen potential causes and risk factors for primary non-traumatic osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (NTOVCF) in the elderly by characterizing a patient population with NTOVCF and comparing it with a population of osteoporotic patients.

Methods: Between January 2013 and January 2022, 208 elderly patients with unequivocal evidence of bone fragility manifested as painful NTOVCF were enrolled, and compared with 220 patients with osteoporosis and no fractures.

dynDeepDRIM: a dynamic deep learning model to infer direct regulatory interactions using time-course single-cell gene expression data.

Time-course single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data have been widely used to explore dynamic changes in gene expression of transcription factors (TFs) and their target genes. This information is useful to reconstruct cell-type-specific gene regulatory networks (GRNs). However, the existing tools are commonly designed to analyze either time-course bulk gene expression data or static scRNA-seq data via pseudo-time cell ordering.