Relationship between trait mindfulness and physical activity among emerging adults: The mediating roles of exercise-related cognitive errors and trait self-control.

Objective: Exercise-related cognitive errors (ECEs) is a significant factor that can negatively influence physical activity (PA) engagement among emerging adults, whereas mindfulness interventions may be beneficial for promoting PA. Against this background, we investigated the potential association between trait mindfulness and PA levels among emerging adults and determined whether trait self-control and ECEs serve as mediators.

Method: 328 Chinese participants (61.

Long-Term Immunity and Anamnestic Response Following Hepatitis B Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Using a systematic review and meta-analytic approach, this study determined the durability of HBV immunity and the prevalence of anamnestic response to a booster HBV vaccine dose in individuals previously vaccinated with a 3-dose HBV vaccine series as children or adolescents. Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane from inception to 6/1/2023 and performed data extraction. Studies that included individuals with significant comorbidities or < 5 years of follow-up were excluded.

Online Measurements during Simulated Atmospheric Aging Track the Strongly Increasing Oxidative Potential of Complex Combustion Aerosols Relative to Their Primary Emissions.

Oxidative potential (OP) is increasingly recognized as a more health-relevant metric than particulate matter (PM) mass concentration because of its response to varying chemical compositions. Given the limited research on the OP of complex combustion aerosols, the effects of aging processes on their OP remain underexplored. We used online instruments to track the evolution of OP [via dithiothreitol (DTT) assays] during the aging of wood burning and coal combustion emissions by hydroxyl-radical-driven photooxidation and dark ozonolysis.

Comparison of Referral Rates and Costs Using Fibrosis-4 and Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) Testing Strategies for Initial Evaluation of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in a Veteran Population.

Background: Global metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) prevalence is estimated at 30% and projected to reach 55.7% by 2040. In the Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system, an estimated 1.

A Retrospective Analysis of 190 Patients With Scoliosis Referred to a Private Australian Clinical Advisory Service Between 2017 and 2020.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with scoliosis from Australian primary care practices.

Methods: A retrospective review of 190 patient records from August 2017 to April 2020 from a private Australian clinical advisory service database was performed. Deidentified demographic and clinical data were collated and analyzed, along with information regarding the referring practitioners and any accompanying clinical or paraclinical information.

Whole-body angular momentum during stair ascent and descent in individuals with and without knee osteoarthritis.

Given the higher fall risk and the fatal sequelae of falls on stairs, it is worthwhile to investigate the mechanism of dynamic balance control in individuals with knee osteoarthritis during stair negotiation. Whole-body angular momentum ([Formula: see text]) is widely used as a surrogate to reflect dynamic balance and failure to constrain [Formula: see text] may increase the fall risk. This study aimed to compare the range of [Formula: see text] between people with and without knee osteoarthritis during stair ascent and descent.

Alcohol-associated hepatitis trends before and following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic across two distinct cohorts in the United States and Hong Kong.

Background & Aims: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) burden has been rising globally, fueled by increases in high-risk alcohol use following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We evaluated trends in annual incidence of alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) before and following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic across two geographically distinct populations in the USA and Hong Kong.

Methods: Using US national Veterans Affairs (VA) data and Hong Kong territory-wide data, trends in annual incidence of AH were evaluated from 2000 to 2023.

The effects of listening on speaker and listener while talking about character strengths: an open science school-wide collaboration.

Listening is understood to be a foundational element in practices that rely on effective conversations, but there is a gap in our understanding of what the effects of high-quality listening are on both the speaker and listener. This registered report addressed this gap by training one group of participants to listen well as speakers discuss their character strengths, allowing us to isolate the role relational listening plays in strengths-based conversations. Participants were paired and randomly assigned to a high-quality listening (experimental) or moderate-quality listening (comparison) condition manipulated through a validated video-based training.

Do executive functions and processing speed mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status and educational achievement? Analysis of an observational birth cohort study.

Background: There are large and persistent social inequalities in children's educational attainment, with children from more socioeconomically disadvantaged families consistently having lower attainment. Despite this being widely reported, the mechanisms underlying the association between socioeconomic disadvantage and educational attainment are not well understood. It is important to understand the potential mechanisms by which socioeconomic disadvantage may impede on educational outcomes, as this knowledge could then be used to help target possible interventions to improve educational outcomes for socioeconomically disadvantaged children.

Building a research agenda on preventing and addressing sexual assault and intimate partner violence against trans people: a two-stage priority-setting exercise.

Background: Transgender (trans) people experience high rates of sexual assault (SA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) and seldom receive the care and supports they need post-victimization. However, there is little to no research that aids in the development or improvement of related interventions. We undertook a study to build a novel Canadian research agenda on SA/IPV against trans people to guide future work and address these profound gaps in knowledge.

Risk Stratification of Metabolic Risk Factors and Statin Use Associated With Liver and Nonliver Outcomes in Chronic Hepatitis B.

Background: We investigated the association of metabolic risk factors (MRFs) and statin use with liver and nonliver outcomes in a nationwide cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in the United States.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with CHB using the MarketScan Databases (January 2007-December 2021). Incidence of liver and nonliver outcomes (cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and extrahepatic cancer) was analyzed.

Significant Disparities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Outcomes by Race/Ethnicity and Sociodemographic Factors.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities. We evaluated the impact of income and geography on racial/ethnic disparities across the HCC care cascade in the U.S.

The effects of age and physical activity status on muscle synergies when walking down slopes.

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to determine whether gait control (muscle synergies) or gait stability (margin of stability (MoS)) were different between younger and older adults when walking on level or downhill slopes. Further, it sought to determine associations between either age or physical activity with muscle synergy widths.

Methods: Ten healthy younger (28.

Bariatric Surgery Reduces Long-Term Mortality in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis.

Objective: With the obesity pandemic, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common liver disease and a leading cause of end-stage liver disease and liver-related deaths in the U.S.A.

Widespread 3'UTR capped RNAs derive from G-rich regions in proximity to AGO2 binding sites.

The 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) plays a crucial role in determining mRNA stability, localisation, translation and degradation. Cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE), a method for the detection of capped 5' ends of mRNAs, additionally reveals a large number of apparently 5' capped RNAs derived from locations within the body of the transcript, including 3'UTRs. Here, we provide direct evidence that these 3'UTR-derived RNAs are indeed capped and widespread in mammalian cells.

Development and Integration of Models for Teaching Ram Breeding Soundness Examinations in Veterinary Education.

Proficiency with ram breeding soundness examinations requires competency with palpation, a skill that can be difficult to teach and assess. There are limited small ruminant clinical skills models available, despite the advantages they offer in veterinary education. We developed reusable models for teaching ram breeding soundness examinations, focusing on scrotal assessment and palpation.

Incidence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma based on risk stratification in steatotic liver disease for precision medicine: A real-world longitudinal nationwide study.

Background: Detailed subgroup incidence rates for steatotic liver disease (SLD)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are critical to inform practice and public health interventions but remain sparse. We aimed to fill in this gap.

Methods And Findings: In a retrospective cohort study of adults with SLD from the United States (US) Merative Marketscan Research Databases (1/2007 to 12/2021), we estimated HCC incidence stratified by sex, age, cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus (DM), and a combination of all these 4 factors.

Lower-intensity CPX-351 plus venetoclax induction for adults with newly diagnosed AML unfit for intensive chemotherapy.

Preclinical data suggest a rationale for combining CPX-351, a dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine, with venetoclax, a B-cell lymphoma-2 inhibitor. This phase 1b study evaluated lower-intensity CPX-351 combined with venetoclax in adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) considered unfit/ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. In a dose-exploration phase using a 3+3 design, patients received stepwise dosing of CPX-351 IV on days 1 and 3 plus venetoclax 400 mg orally on days 2 to 21 per cycle to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) for this combination.

Disease Progression for Histologic Diagnosis of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in the Real-World: A Nationwide US Study.

Introduction: We compared clinical characteristics and outcomes in real-world metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) patients with or without liver biopsy using a nationwide cohort in United States (USA) to fill in gaps in selection of biopsy patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult MASLD patients using Marketscan® Databases (1/2007-12/2021). Patients were categorized into those with or without liver biopsy during follow-up.

Relationship Between Early and Established Rheumatoid Arthritis Vascular Change of the Dorsalis Pedis Artery Observed with Ultrasound Imaging.

Background: Despite early treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) being well established to prevent erosive joint damage, studies report persistent moderate to high disease activity. Other pathologies, for example, rheumatoid vasculitis (RV) may contribute symptoms that may not be captured by existing clinical assessment.

Objectives: To investigate ultrasound-observed changes in the proximal dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) between early (≤ 5 y) and established (>5 y) RA and the RA Disease Activity Index-5 (RADAI-5).

Inhibitory Components in Muscle Synergies Factorized by The Rectified Latent Variable Model from Electromyographic Data.

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), widely used in motor neuroscience for identifying muscle synergies from electromyographical signals (EMGs), extracts non-negative synergies and is yet unable to identify potential negative components (NegCps) in synergies underpinned by inhibitory spinal interneurons. To overcome this constraint, we propose to utilize rectified latent variable model (RLVM) to extract muscle synergies. RLVM uses an autoencoder neural network, and the weight matrix of its neural network could be negative, while latent variables must remain non-negative.