Cognitively combined/engaged physical activity for the executive function, symptomology, and motor competence of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cognitively combined/engaged physical activity (CC/CE-PA) has been used as an intervention for children/adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Method: This review aimed to quantify the effects of CC/CE-PAs on enhancing executive and physical function and alleviating ADHD symptoms in children/adolescents with ADHD. An extensive literature search of online databases identified 32 studies (75 % high-quality studies), of which 22 (pooled n=968) were included in the meta-analysis.

Theta burst stimulation on the fronto-cerebellar connective network promotes cognitive processing speed in the simple cognitive task.

Background: The fronto-cerebellar functional network has been proposed to subserve cognitive processing speed. This study aims to elucidate how the long-range frontal-to-cerebellar effective connectivity contributes to faster speed.

Methods: In total, 60 healthy participants were randomly allocated to three five-daily sessions of transcranial magnetic stimulation conditions, namely intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS, excitatory), continuous theta-burst stimulation (CTBS, inhibitory), or a sham condition.

Tunable active noise control circuit topology for multiple-feature applications.

A tunable active-noise-control (ANC) circuit topology for headsets used in different applications is presented in this article. In the current consumer headset market, ANC is a mature technology that is commonly applied to wireless headsets connected to smartphones for listening to music and making phone calls. The development of ANC headsets has resulted in low-cost and simple devices due to the built-in ANC registers in the digital circuit.

A machine-learning approach to model risk and protective factors of vulnerability to depression.

There are multiple risk and protective factors for depression. The association between these factors with vulnerability to depression is unclear. Such knowledge is an important insight into assessing risk for developing depression for precision interventions.

Tracking and predicting the treatment adherence of patients under rehabilitation: a three-wave longitudinal validation study for the Rehabilitation Adherence Inventory.

This study aimed to develop and validate a new measurement tool, the Rehabilitation Adherence Inventory (RAI), to measure patients' rehabilitation adherence. We recruited 236 patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures from the United Kingdom (Mage = 33.58 ± 10.

Multisensory integration augmenting motor processes among older adults.

Objective: Multisensory integration enhances sensory processing in older adults. This study aimed to investigate how the sensory enhancement would modulate the motor related process in healthy older adults.

Method: Thirty-one older adults (12 males, mean age 67.

Identification of the human cerebral cortical hemodynamic response to passive whole-body movements using near-infrared spectroscopy.

Unlabelled: The human vestibular system is crucial for motion perception, balance control, and various higher cognitive functions. Exploring how the cerebral cortex responds to vestibular signals is not only valuable for a better understanding of how the vestibular system participates in cognitive and motor functions but also clinically significant in diagnosing central vestibular disorders. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides a portable and non-invasive brain imaging technology to monitor cortical hemodynamics under physical motion.

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health-based rehabilitation program promotes activity and participation of post-stroke patients.

Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model has been applied in post-stroke rehabilitation, yet limited studies explored its clinical application on enhancing patients' Activity and Participation (ICF-A&P) level.

Purpose: This study gathered evidence of the effects of an ICF-based post-stroke rehabilitation program (ICF-PSRP) in enhancing community reintegration in terms of ICF-A&P of post-stroke patients.

Methods: Fifty-two post-stroke patients completed an 8 to 12 weeks multidisciplinary ICF-PSRP after setting personal treatment goals in an outpatient community rehabilitation center.

The Chinese "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Test: A study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism.

We developed a 28-item Chinese Eyes Test and tested its psychometric properties with a mixed sample of high-functioning adults with autism or Asperger syndrome and neurotypical adults. The Chinese Eyes Test showed good convergent and divergent validity, satisfactory known-group discrimination, and acceptable internal consistency. The identified cutoff score of 18 or below (Sensitivity: 66.

Effect of Tai Chi on Young Adults with Subthreshold Depression via a Stress-Reward Complex: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Subthreshold depression is a highly prevalent mood disorder in young adults. Mind-body exercises, such as Tai Chi, have been adopted as interventions for clinical depressive symptoms. However, the possible effect and underlying mechanism of Tai Chi on subthreshold depression of young individuals remain unclear.

Effects of computerized cognitive training on structure‒function coupling and topology of multiple brain networks in people with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: People with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) experience a loss of cognitive functions, whose mechanism is characterized by aberrant structure‒function (SC-FC) coupling and topological attributes of multiple networks. This study aimed to reveal the network-level SC-FC coupling and internal topological changes triggered by computerized cognitive training (CCT) to explain the therapeutic effects of this training in individuals with MCI.

Methods: In this randomized block experiment, we recruited 60 MCI individuals and randomly divided them into an 8-week multidomain CCT group and a health education control group.

Goal-setting and personalization under the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health framework: Community reintegration program for post-stroke patients.

Background: Body functions and structures, activities, and participation are the core components in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) to identify post-stroke patients' health conditions. The specification of health conditions enhances the outcomes of post-stroke rehabilitation.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the extent and the processes in an ICF-based post-stroke rehabilitation program (ICF-PSRP) that could enhance patients' community reintegration level.

Frontopolar cortex represents complex features and decision value during choice between environments.

Important decisions often involve choosing between complex environments that define future item encounters. Despite its importance for adaptive behavior and distinct computational challenges, decision-making research primarily focuses on item choice, ignoring environment choice altogether. Here we contrast previously studied item choice in ventromedial prefrontal cortex with lateral frontopolar cortex (FPl) linked to environment choice.

Computerized Cognitive Training Enhances Episodic Memory by Down-Modulating Posterior Cingulate-Precuneus Connectivity in Older Persons With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The neural mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of a computerized cognitive training (CCT) program for improving episodic memory in older persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remain unclear. This study aimed to use both functional and structural brain changes to elucidate the treatment effects of CCT on enhancing episodic memory.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Single-blinded, multicenter randomized controlled trial on 60 older adults with MCI in Fuzhou, China.

An Effective Test (EOmciSS) for Screening Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Community Setting: Development and Validation Study.

Background: Early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) symptoms is an important step to its diagnosis and intervention. We developed a new screening test called "Efficient Online MCI Screening System" (EOmciSS) for use in community-dwelling older adults. It is a self-paced cognitive test to be completed within 10 minutes on tablets or smartphones in homes or care centers for older adults.

Causal influences of salience/cerebellar networks on dorsal attention network subserved age-related cognitive slowing.

Age-related cognitive slowing is a prominent precursor of cognitive decline. Functional neuroimaging studies found that cognitive processing speed is associated with activation and coupling among frontal, parietal and cerebellar brain networks. However, how the reciprocal influences of inter- and intra-network coupling mediate age-related decline in processing speed remains insufficiently studied.

Interventions for Sensory Over-Responsivity in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Review.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit sensory over-responsivity (SOR), which is characterized by an overwhelmingly negative reaction to or avoidance of sensory stimulation. Despite the detrimental effects of SOR on people's personal and social lives, the knowledge of and interventions for the issue remain limited. This paper collates and reviews studies on SOR and information on the potential for effective interventions for people with ASD.

Abnormal physiological responses toward sensory stimulus are related to the attention deficits in children with sluggish cognitive tempo.

Previous studies have found that sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is often associated with difficulties in real-life functioning, such as social problems, emotional difficulties, and academic learning difficulties. However, the underlying mechanisms contributing to the SCT symptoms and its associated real-life difficulties have still not been clearly understood. A previous study has found that SCT symptoms were associated with hypoarousal and hyperarousal toward the sensory stimulus.

How formal caregiver's BPSD knowledge influences positive aspects of caregiving: the mediating role of attitude and the moderating role of self-efficacy.

Background: The current study investigated the relationship between behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) knowledge and positive aspects of caregiving (PAC), in addition, how caregiving attitude and self-efficacy mediate or moderate this relationship.

Methods: Two hundred twenty-nine formal caregivers (51males and 178females) who has worked in nursing homes for more than a month were recruited.With a cross-sectional, face-to-face survey, structural questionnaires were implemented to evaluate formal caregiver's BPSD knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and PAC.

Corrigendum: Functional and structural architectures of allocentric and egocentric spatial coding in aging: A combined DTI and fMRI study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.

Development and Validation of a Knowledge Scale About the Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (KS-BPSD) Among Chinese Formal Caregivers.

Objectives: The current study aimed to develop a scale assessing knowledge about behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (KS-BPSD) among Chinese formal caregivers and to investigate its psychometric properties and factorial structure.

Methods: The scale was generated with a systematic development process, and 229 formal caregivers working at nursing homes were recruited to construct and assess the psychometric properties of the scale. The preliminary scale was reviewed by an expert panel and items were selected based on item discrimination, difficulty, and item-total correlation.

Stability of Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Potential Influence of Practice Effect.

Background: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a standard test for screening and monitoring cognitive functions.

Objective: This study explored the two-year changes in MoCA scores in older adults.

Methods: Fifty-seven participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 87 participants with normal cognition completed the baseline and two-year follow-up assessments.

Functional and Structural Architectures of Allocentric and Egocentric Spatial Coding in Aging: A Combined DTI and fMRI Study.

Background: Aging disrupts the optimal balance between neural nodes underlying orienting and attention control functions. Previous studies have suggested that age-related changes in cognitive process are associated to the changes in the myelinated fiber bundles, which affected the speed and actions of the signal propagation across different neural networks. However, whether the age-related difference in allocentric and egocentric spatial coding is accounted by the difference in white-matter integrity is unclear.