Active vaccine safety surveillance in low- and middle-income countries: Challenges for vaccine manufacturers from emerging countries.

Developing Countries Vaccine Manufacturers Network (DCVMN) is an alliance of vaccine developers, manufacturers, and marketing authorization holders (MAHs) from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) that plays a vital role in ensuring equitable, inclusive, accountable, and timely access to affordable, high-quality vaccines in these countries. Besides research and development, this network promotes manufacturing and global supply chains for effective strengthening of regulatory and pharmacovigilance activities. Traditionally, vaccine safety surveillance systems in LMICs rely on spontaneous reporting.

Seropersistence of SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (COVID-19 vaccine): 6-month follow-up of a randomized, controlled, observer-blind, phase 2/3 immuno-bridging study in Indian adults.

AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) is a replication-deficient adenoviral vectored coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccine that is manufactured as SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 by the Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd following technology transfer from Oxford University/AstraZeneca. The non-inferiority of SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 with AZD1222 was previously demonstrated in an observer-blind, phase 2/3 immuno-bridging study (trial registration: CTRI/2020/08/027170). In this analysis of immunogenicity and safety data 6 months post first vaccination (Day 180), 1,601 participants were randomized 3:1 to SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or AZD1222 (immunogenicity/reactogenicity cohort  = 401) and 3:1 to SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or placebo (safety cohort  = 1,200).

A Phase 3, randomized, non-inferiority study of a heterologous booster dose of SARS CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine in adults.

Due to waning immunity following primary immunization with COVID-19 vaccines, booster doses may be required. The present study assessed a heterologous booster of SII-NVX-CoV2373 (spike protein vaccine) in adults primed with viral vector and inactivated vaccines. In this Phase 3, observer-blind, randomized, active controlled study, a total of 372 adults primed with two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (n = 186) or BBV152 (n = 186) at least six months ago, were randomized to receive a booster of SII-NVX-CoV2373 or control vaccine (homologous booster of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BBV152).

Post-marketing safety surveillance of the rotavirus vaccine in India.

Background: ROTASIIL, an oral live attenuated bovine-human reassortant pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, was approved in 2017. This post-marketing surveillance (PMS) was conducted to collect real-world data on the safety of ROTASIIL in India.

Methods: Observational, active PMS was conducted in approximately 10,000 infants aged ≥ 6 weeks.

Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein Vaccine in Children and Adolescents in India: A Phase 2-3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The recombinant COVID-19 vaccine NVX-CoV2373 has demonstrated efficacy of approximately 90% in adults; however, its safety and efficacy in children is unknown.

Objective: To assess the noninferiority of SII-NVX-CoV2373 in children and adolescents compared to adults and to evaluate its safety in comparison with placebo.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This phase 2-3 observer-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in 2 cohorts, children (aged 2 to 11 years) and adolescents (aged 12 to 17 years) between August 2021 and August 2022.

Active safety surveillance of rabies monoclonal antibody and rabies vaccine in patients with category III potential rabies exposure.

Background: A vero cell-based inactivated Rabies Vaccine (Rabivax-S) and Rabies Human Monoclonal Antibody (Rabishield) have been approved since 2016. A post-marketing surveillance was conducted in India from 2020 to 2021 to gather real world safety data on Rabivax-S and Rabishield.

Methods: This was non-interventional active surveillance in patients with category III potential rabies exposure who were administered a post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) regimen (Rabishield and Rabivax-S) by their healthcare providers (HCPs) as per the dosages and regimens mentioned in the package insert approved by the Indian regulators.

Safety and immunogenicity of SII-NVX-CoV2373 (COVID-19 vaccine) in adults in a phase 2/3, observer-blind, randomised, controlled study.

Background: NVX-CoV2373, a Covid-19 vaccine was developed in the USA with ∼90% efficacy. The same vaccine is manufactured in India after technology transfer (called as SII-NVX-CoV2373), was evaluated in this phase 2/3 immuno-bridging study.

Methods: This was an observer-blind, randomised, phase 2/3 study in 1600 adults.

A phase 2/3, participant-blind, observer-blind, randomised, controlled study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (COVID-19 vaccine) in adults in India.

Background: This phase 2/3 immunobridging study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Coronavirus Vaccine (Recombinant) (SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19), manufactured in India at the Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd (SIIPL), following technology transfer from the AstraZeneca.

Methods: This participant-blind, observer-blind study randomised participants 3:1 to SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) (immunogenicity/reactogenicity cohort) and 3:1 to SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or placebo (safety cohort). The study participants were enrolled from 14 hospitals across India between August 25 and October 31, 2020.

Safety and tolerability of a liquid bovine rotavirus pentavalent vaccine (LBRV-PV) in adults.

Background: Rotavirus Gastroenteritis (RVGE) is an important global public health problem. Recently a Lyophilized Pentavalent Human Bovine Reassortant Rotavirus vaccine (BRV-PV, Rotasiil) was licensed in India. A Liquid formulation of the same vaccine (LBRV-PV) was tested in a Phase I clinical trial.

Adverse drug reaction profile of anti-snake venom in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital.

Objectives: The study was carried out with the aim of evaluation of the adverse drug reaction profile of anti-snake venom serum (ASV) in a rural tertiary care hospital.

Methods: An observational study was conducted in SRTR Medical College, Ambajogai, Maharashtra, India. A total number of 296 indoor case papers of snake bite from February to September 2011 and June to August 2012 were retrieved from the record section and the antivenom reactions were assessed.

Prescribing practices of topical corticosteroids in the outpatient dermatology department of a rural tertiary care teaching hospital.

Background: Inappropriate or excessive use of topical corticosteroids can lead to cutaneous and systemic adverse effects which occur more commonly with the use of very potent steroids. Monitoring and analysis of the prescription practices of topical steroids can help to achieve rational prescription of these drugs.

Aim: The present study was carried out to study and analyze the pattern of prescribing topical corticosteroids among outpatients attending the dermatology clinic in a rural tertiary care and teaching hospital, Ambajogai, Maharashtra.