[Multimorbidity and utilization of health services in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: prevalence and associated factors].

The scope of this paper was to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in the city of São Paulo and to verify the factors associated with the utilization of the health services. It involved a population based cross-sectional study based on data from the Health Survey in the city of São Paulo, in which descriptive analysis was conducted, and logistic regression models were developed using multimorbidity and sociodemographic independent variables, living conditions and use of health services as the outcome. A total of 3,184 individuals aged 20 years or older participated, with a mean age of 43.

Multimorbidity patterns and associated factors in a megacity: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To identify empirical patterns of multimorbidity and quantify their associations with socioeconomic, behavioral characteristics, and health outcomes in the megacity of São Paulo.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted through household interviews with residents aged 20 years or older in urban areas (n = 3,184). Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns among the co-existence of 22 health conditions.

Impairments and related social inequalities among adults: a population-based study in São Paulo city, Brazil.

The study of the association of social variables with the prevalence of impairments can provide subsidies for more adequate care and health policies for the most needy people by incorporating social aspects. This article aims to estimate the prevalence of diverse types of impairments, the degree of difficulty, limitations, and the need for help they cause and attest whether this prevalence differ by educational attainment in individuals aged 20 years or older. This is a populational cross-sectional study (2015 Health Survey of São Paulo-ISA Capital).

Physical activity among older adults with multimorbidity: Evidence from a population-based health survey.

Introduction: The promotion of physical activity has been recognized as an important component in the management and prevention of multimorbidity, a condition that is increasing prevalent worldwide, including in Brazil. However, there is a scarcity of studies exploring the disparity in physical activity levels between individuals with and without multimorbidity. Therefore, the study aimed to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity and physical activity among older adults, as well as analyze the relationship of a sufficient level of physical activity and multimorbidity, while considering sociodemographic characteristics of residents in São Paulo, Brazil.

Analysis of education level in access and use of health care services, ISA-Capital, São Paulo, Brazil, 2003 and 2015.

The great socioeconomic inequality that prevails in Brazil and the existence of a national health system with universal coverage places the need to monitor the evolution and social inequities regarding access to these services. This study aims to analyze the changes in the prevalence of health care use and the extent of social inequality in the demand, use and, access, resolution of health problems, satisfaction, and health care use of Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) according to education levels in the population living in the urban area of the Municipality of São Paulo, in 2003 and 2015. We analyzed data from two population-based household health surveys (Health Survey in São Paulo City - ISA-Capital) from 2003 and 2015.

[Factors associated with inequalities in social conditions in the health of elderly white, brown and black people in the city of São Paulo, Brazil].

The scope of this study is to identify determining factors of disparities in social conditions in the health of non-institutionalized elderly people in the city of São Paulo, from the standpoint of self-declaration of skin color. It is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 1,017 elderly participants in the "2015 Health Survey of the Municipality of São Paulo". The analysis used crude and adjusted Poisson regression models, reporting the prevalence ratio and 95% confidence intervals as a measure of association between the variables.

Differences in Cost-Effectiveness of Adherence to Nutritional Recommendations: Why, Where, and What?

Cost-effectiveness analysis of diets may comprise an important tool to promote food security; however, studies show divergent evidence regarding the relationship between diet quality and cost in diverse populations. Thus, this study assesses differences in cost-effectiveness ratios regarding adherence to nutritional recommendations using data representative of the population level in Sao Paulo municipality, Brazil. Information from adolescents and adult individuals ( = 1742) was used to estimate diet quality and cost in 2015.

Prevalence of multimorbidity in older adults in São Paulo, Brazil: a study with ISA-Capital.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in older adults in São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: A cross-sectional study based on the 2015 ISA-Capital population-based survey, with a subsample of 1,019 older adults aged ≥ 60 years old. Multimorbidity was categorized considering two or more chronic diseases, based on a previously defined list.

Use of medicines in São Paulo, Brazil, and State Health Care Coverage, 2003 and 2015.

Objectives: To analyze the use and acquisition of medicines in São Paulo, Brazil, in 2003 and 2015, according to sociodemographic factors, socioeconomic status, and health conditions of the population.

Methods: Data were obtained from population health surveys "ISA-Capital". Descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis, and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the use of medicines and coverage by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) according to socioeconomic status and health conditions in two periods: 2003 and 2015.

Changes in total physical activity, leisure and commuting in the largest city in Latin America, 2003-2015.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of physical inactivity and the average time of practice of total physical activity and by domains (leisure and commuting), according to gender, age group and schooling, between 2003 and 2015, in residents of the urban area of the city of São Paulo.

Methods: Data from Household Health Surveys in the Municipality of São Paulo (2003: n = 2,514; 2015: n = 4,043). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure total, leisure, and commuting physical activity.

Prevalence of headache and associated factors among adolescents: results of a population-based study.

Introduction: Cephalalgia is one of the most common somatic complaints related to health problems in childhood and adolescence.

Objective: To measure the cephalalgia prevalence in adolescents from the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and associated factors.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional population-based study, carried out in 2015, with 539 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 15 and 19 years.

[Self-care management practices for arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus among elderly people in Campinas, Brazil, in three periods].

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of self-care management practices - both with and without medication - in elderly hypertensive and diabetic patients in Campinas, Brazil, in three periods. Data from health surveys conducted in three periods 2001-2002, 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 were analyzed. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, the continuous use of medication, and all behavioral practices showed an overall increase in the period analyzed, with a significant drop in both the non-regular use of medications and routine doctor visits on the part of individuals without a private health plan.

Prevalence of hypertension in adults in the city of São Paulo and associated factors.

Objective: To analyze the behavior of the prevalence of hypertension in the city of São Paulo and its associated factors.

Methods: The present study used data from the Health Survey in the Municipality of São Paulo (ISA Capital), a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in São Paulo. Data from 1,667 and 3,184 individuals were analyzed in 2003 and 2015, respectively, aged 20 years and over.

Care seeking behavior of people with common mental disorders in São Paulo-Brazil.

Background: Mental health in developing countries is a keen area for improvements. Epidemiological research in this field helps to reinforce information, generate hypothesis and guide police makers. This study intends to analyze patterns of care seeking among cases of common mental disorders (CMD) in São Paulo city in 2015.

Demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage intake: a population-based study.

Introduction: The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) varies according to the characteristics of the population.

Objective: To investigate the SSB intake and demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with its consumption in adolescents, adults, and older adults in São Paulo.

Methods: Data were drawn from the Health Survey of São Paulo, a cross-sectional population-based study including 1,662 individuals aged 12 years or more.

Social determinants, lifestyle and diet quality: a population-based study from the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo, Brazil.

Objective: To investigate the association among social determinants, lifestyle variables and diet quality in São Paulo, Brazil.

Design: Cross-sectional study, 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo (Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo (2015 ISA-Capital)) with Focus on Nutrition Study (2015 ISA-Nutrition).

Setting: Population-based study, with a representative sample of adults living in São Paulo, Brazil.

Health services utilization to control arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the city of São Paulo.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of health services utilization for control of arterial hypertension (AH) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the city of São Paulo in 2003, 2008 and 2015 and to analyze associated factors to this utilization in 2015.

Methods: Data regarding adults who participated in the Health Surveys conducted in the city of Sao Paulo, ISA-Capital 2003, 2008 and 2015, were analyzed. Prevalences and 95% confidence intervals for the three years were estimated to describe the prevalence of the use of services to control HA and DM.

[Prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors in urban residents of São Paulo, Brazil].

Studies in developing countries report a steady increase in mental disorders, with major social and economic repercussions. The current study proposes to analyze the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMDs) and associated factors in urban residents of São Paulo, Brazil. Based on data collected in the Health Survey in São Paulo City (ISA-Capital) in 2015, the study identified the presence of CMDs using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20).

Sedentary behavior in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: ISA-Capital 2015.

Introduction: The excessive sitting time involved in activities of low energy expenditure (sedentary behavior) can contribute to the development of chronic diseases. Assessing factors related to this behavior in a population is important to identify its most vulnerable segments.

Objective: To describe sitting time distribution in the adult population of São Paulo City according to sociodemographic and environmental characteristics and health conditions.

[Validity of self-reported high cholesterol in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and factors associated with this information's sensitivity].

The study aimed to validate self-report of high cholesterol in São Paulo, Brazil, and verify factors associated with this information's sensitivity. Data were used from the Health Survey of the City of São Paulo 2015, a cross-sectional population-based study with a probabilistic sample of the city's residents. The sample included 886 individuals with information from the structured questionnaire, blood measurements of total cholesterol and fractions or who reported being on medication for high cholesterol.

Active aging: prevalence and gender and age differences in a population-based study.

The aim of this study was to analyze prevalence rates and gender and age differences in indicators of active aging in elders participating in the Campinas Municipal Health Survey in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil (2014-2015). We estimated prevalence rates for participation by the elderly in twelve activities pertaining to four dimensions and calculated the prevalence ratios with Poisson regression. The study population consisted of 986 elderly.

[Prevalence of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and adherence to behavioral measures in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, 2003-2015].

The objective was to compare the estimates for prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and behavioral measures to control these diseases. Data were analyzed for the adult population from Health Surveys in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2003, 2008, and 2015. Prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated for the following: hypertension, diabetes, and practices to control these diseases (diet, physical activity, oral medication, insulin, nothing).

Sampling plan in health surveys, city of São Paulo, Brazil, 2015.

Objective: To evaluate the sampling plan of the Health Survey of the City of São Paulo (ISA-Capital 2015) regarding the accuracy of estimates and the conformation of domains of study by the Health Coordinations of the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: We have described the population, domains of study, and sampling procedures, including stratification, calculation of sample size, and random selection of sample units, of the Health Survey of the City of São Paulo, 2015. The estimates of proportions were analyzed in relation to precision using the coefficient of variation and the design effect.

Equity in the coverage of health expenses by the Brazilian Unified Health System for people with signs of common mental disorders in the city of São Paulo.

Introduction: The objective of this investigation was to check equity in coverage/complementation of health expenses by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) for people with signs of common mental disorders, in 2008, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from the 2008 São Paulo Health Survey. Individuals aged 16 or older and with signs of common mental disorders were selected and evaluated with the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20).