Enhancing the Impact of Individualized Nutrition Therapy with Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Feedback in Overweight and Obese Individuals with Prediabetes.

Background/objectives: prediabetes is a significant risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and other complications. Early diagnosis of prediabetes, coupled with education on lifestyle changes that support blood glucose management, are crucial for the prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes and related complications. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of incorporating real-time feedback from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) into individualized nutrition therapy (INT) on blood glucose control in individuals with prediabetes who are overweight or obese.

Diabetes Control Status and Severity of Depression: Insights from NHANES 2005-2020.

Examining the risk of depression among patients with diabetes is crucial for understanding the mental health burden of this chronic condition. This study examined the likelihood of depression severity among participants in the National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2020, based on glycemic control status. Depression severity was categorized into three levels using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and glycemic control status was categorized into five groups based on prior diabetes diagnoses and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels.

In adults with moderate-to-severe OSA and obesity, tirzepatide reduced apnea-hypopnea events vs. placebo.

Malhotra A, Grunstein RR, Fietze I, et al; SURMOUNT-OSA Investigators. N Engl J Med. 21 Jun 2024.

From Policy to Practice: Assessing the State Innovation Models Initiative's Early Success in Incorporating Social Determinants of Health in ASCVD Hospitalizations in the United States.

The study examines effects of the CMS State Innovation Models(SIM) on capturing social risk factors in adults hospitalized with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD). Using a difference-in-differences(DID) approach with propensity score weights, the study compared documentation of secondary diagnosis of SDOH/social factors using ICD-9 V codes ("SDOH codes") in adults hospitalized with ASCVD as a primary diagnosis (N= 1,485,354). Data were gathered from January 1, 2010, to September 30, 2015, covering the period before and after the SIM implementation in October 2013.

Personalized Nutrition Therapy without Weight Loss Counseling Produces Weight Loss in Individuals with Prediabetes Who Are Overweight/Obese: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Obesity stands out as a primary risk factor for diabetes. Attaining healthy weight loss, especially reducing body fat, is important in managing prediabetes and preventing progression to full diabetes and its co-morbidities. This study examined the effects of personalized nutrition therapy (PNT) combined with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on body weight and composition in individuals with prediabetes.

Social and Structural Determinants of Health and Social Injustices Contributing to Obesity Disparities.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To analyze how social and structural determinants of health and social injustice impact the risk of obesity, its treatment and treatment outcomes, and to explore the implications for prevention and future treatment interventions. RECENT FINDINGS: Racial and ethnic minorities, such as non-Hispanic Black adults and Hispanic adults, and adults with a low socioeconomic status have a greater risk of obesity than non-Hispanic white adults and adults with a high socioeconomic status. The underlying causes of obesity disparities include obesogenic neighborhood environments, inequities in access to obesity treatment, and lack of access to affordable nutrient-dense foods.

The Quality of Menu Offerings in Independently Owned Restaurants in Baltimore, Maryland: Results from Mixed-Methods Formative Research for the FRESH Trial.

(1) Background: Independently owned restaurants (IORs) are prevalent in under-resourced racial and ethnic minority communities in the US and present a unique setting for public health nutrition interventions. (2) Methods: We conducted 14 in-depth interviews with IOR owners in Baltimore about their perceptions of healthy food, and customers' acceptance of healthier menus and cooking methods and concurrent observations of the availability of healthy options on their menus. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed using ATLAS.

Key Nutrients for Optimal Blood Glucose Control and Mental Health in Individuals with Diabetes: A Review of the Evidence.

Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline. Mental disorders can also contribute to the development of diabetes through various mechanisms including increased stress, poor self-care behaviors, and adverse effects on glucose metabolism. Consequently, individuals suffering from either of these conditions frequently experience comorbidity with the other.

Food Environment Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in the United States: a County-Level Analysis from 2017 to 2019.

Background: Upstream socioeconomic circumstances including food insecurity and food desert are important drivers of community-level health disparities in cardiovascular mortality let alone traditional risk factors. The study assessed the association between differences in food environment quality and cardiovascular mortality in US adults.

Design: Retrospective analysis of the association between cardiovascular mortality among US adults aged 45 and above and food environment quality, measured as the food environment index (FEI), in 2615 US counties.

Food sources of energy and nutrients among US college students: The cohort study.

Identifying the food sources contributing most to total energy percentage, macronutrients, vitamin and mineral consumption among college freshmen, and whether sex played a role. First-year undergraduate students ( = 269). Diet was assessed using a DHQ-III and estimated with food source composition tables.

The role of discrimination and adverse childhood experiences in disordered eating.

Background: In clinical research, there has been a call to move beyond individual psychosocial factors towards identifying cultural and social factors that inform mental health. Similar calls have been made in the eating disorders (ED) field underscoring the need to understand larger sociocultural influences on EDs. Discrimination is a social stressor that may influence mental health in similar ways to traumatic or adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).

Higher Serum Testosterone Level Was Associated with a Lower Risk of Prediabetes in US Adults: Findings from Nationally Representative Data.

Low testosterone may be a novel risk factor for prediabetes. We assessed the associations between prediabetes and total serum testosterone (TT), and whether the associations were modified by population characteristics. The data from 5330 adults aged ≥ 20 years, who participated in the 2011−2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States, were used.

Loneliness is associated with unhealthful dietary behaviors and physical inactivity among US college students.

To evaluate dietary and physical activity behavior in relation to loneliness among college students. Three-hundred forty-six incoming first-year students in Fall 2019 at a large state University in the US. : Students completed online surveys in Fall 2019.

Association Between Gut Hormones and Weight Change After Bariatric Arterial Embolization: Results from the BEAT Obesity Trial.

Purpose: To evaluate associations of ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY 3-36 (PYY3-36) with weight change after bariatric arterial embolization (BAE).

Materials And Methods: Subgroup analysis of data collected during the BEAT Obesity Trial involving 7 participants with BMI > 40 who were embolized with 300- to 500-μm Embosphere Microspheres. Three participants were characterized as "responders" (top tertile of weight loss at each visit) and 4 as "non-responders" (bottom tertile of weight loss at each visit).

Patterns and predictors of elevated blood pressure and hypertension among primary school children in urban Kenya.

Objective: We examined the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension among 390 primary school children of different socioeconomic status (SES) in two urban settings in Kenya and explored the association between children's BP status and their sociodemographic characteristics, dietary behaviours and overweight/obesity status.

Methods: Children's BP and anthropometric measurements were taken and parents, with the help of their children, completed questionnaires on the children's dietary behaviours. An average of three BP readings was used to calculate BP percentiles by age, sex and height.

Health consequences of obesity and projected future obesity health burden in China.

Objective: This study examined the effects of overweight/obesity on mortality and morbidity outcomes and the disparities, time trends, and projected future obesity health burden in China.

Methods: Cohort studies that were conducted in China and published in English or Chinese between January 1, 1995, and July 31, 2021, were systematically searched. This study focused on overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, cancers, and chronic kidney disease.

Prevalence, Management, and Associated Factors of Obesity, Hypertension, and Diabetes in Tibetan Population Compared with China Overall.

Tibetans' life expectancy lags behind China's average. Obesity and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) contribute to health disparity, but NCD patterns among Tibetans are unknown. To examine the prevalence, management, and associated factors for obesity, hypertension, and diabetes among Tibetans, compared with China's average, we systematically searched PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for studies between January 2010 and April 2021.

Substance use and firearm access among college freshmen.

Objective: Examine the proportion of students with rapid firearm access and associations with recent alcohol and marijuana use.

Participants: Cross-sectional data from college freshmen ( = 183) in 2020 who participated in the study.

Methods: Using logistic regression, associations were examined between past 30-day substance use and access to firearms within 15-min.

Food insecurity and housing instability as determinants of cardiovascular health outcomes: A systematic review.

Aims: The primary objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of existing literature on the association between food insecurity and housing instability with CVD and its subtypes-related outcomes. Summarizing the comprehensive evidence for independent/interchangeable relationship of food and housing instability with CVD outcomes may inform specific interventions strategies to reduce CVD-risk.

Data Synthesis: The search focused on English-language articles in PubMed/Medline, from January 1, 2010, to June 1, 2021, with restriction to the US adult population.

Eating Disorders and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Network Analysis of the Comorbidity.

Eating disorders (EDs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly co-occur, but the mechanisms driving this co-occurrence are not well understood. The current study explored the relationships between symptoms of ED and PTSD in a sample of male and female undergraduate students in order to identify pathways that may maintain the comorbidity. Network analysis was conducted in a sample of 344 first-year undergraduates to visualize partial correlations between each symptom in the comorbidity.

Monday-focused tailored rapid interactive mobile messaging for weight management 2 (MTRIMM2): results from a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Text-messaging interventions can reach many individuals across a range of socioeconomic groups, at a low cost. Few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of text-messaging weight loss interventions have been conducted in United States.

Methods: From September of 2016 to September of 2018, we conducted a two-parallel group, superiority, RCT of a 16-week text-messaging, weight loss intervention in Baltimore, Maryland, in overweight and obese adults younger than 71, who were able to receive text-messages.

Why don't college freshmen meet the US dietary guidelines for added sugar, refined grains, sodium, and saturated fat?

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate how well college students meet U.S. dietary guidelines by examining the mean intakes of nutrients to limit (sodium, sugar, refined grains, and saturated fat), and what factors lead to exceeding the dietary recommendations.

Dietary Intake and Representativeness of a Diverse College-Attending Population Compared with an Age-Matched US Population.

Young adults typically gain more dietary autonomy as they start college, though this can also present nutritional challenges; however, research on the generalizability of their dietary intake data is scarce. To address this representativeness concern, we compared food and nutrient intakes reported by college freshmen attending a large, diverse university to an age-matched sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We studied 269 students 18-24 years old recruited through the Mason: Health Start Here (HSH) study, a population-based cohort study of college students.

Perceptions and Impact of a Youth-led Childhood Obesity Prevention Intervention among Youth-leaders.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a youth-led nutrition intervention on youth-leaders themselves.

Design: Mixed methods, including: in-depth interviews and a quasi-experimental quantitative study comparing youth-leaders and nonparticipant comparison youth.

Analysis: Qualitative analysis using direct content analysis.

Associations between use of specific social media sites and electronic cigarette use among college students.

Objective: To examine dose-response associations between use of specific social media sites and the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and traditional cigarettes.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 298 first-year college students enrolled in the fall 2019 semester at a large state university. Heckman selection and Probit model were used to estimate associations between use of specific social media sites and e-cigarette/traditional cigarette use.