Attitudes & beliefs that influence healthy eating behaviours among mothers of young children in Singapore: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Many countries recommend parental involvement to enhance the effectiveness of healthy lifestyle interventions focusing on behavioural modifications that encourage weight management in children. Our study investigates to what extent the different constructs of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) are influencing healthy eating behaviour among mothers of pre-school and primary school children in Singapore.

Methods: A total of 716 mothers of pre-schoolers, 3-6 years old (N = 358) and primary school students, 7-12 years old (N = 358) were administered a survey to assess healthy eating behaviour using the TPB constructs.

Humanistic and economic burden of cardiovascular disease related comorbidities and hypoglycaemia among patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan.

Aim: This study aims to examine the humanistic and economic burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related comorbidities and hypoglycaemia among respondents with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Japan.

Methods: This study used the Japan National Health and Wellness Survey 2016 database. Respondents who self-reported a physician-diagnosed T2D were included.

Disease burden of fractures among patients with osteoporosis in Japan: health-related quality of life, work productivity and activity impairment, healthcare resource utilization, and economic costs.

Osteoporosis remains undertreated in Japan, and bone fractures are the most frequent complications imposing heavy burden on individuals and the community. This paper investigates the clinical and economic burden of fractures among osteoporosis patients in Japan. The Japan National Health and Wellness Survey 2012-2014 database was used for analysis.

The immunoproteasome, the 20S proteasome and the PA28αβ proteasome regulator are oxidative-stress-adaptive proteolytic complexes.

Oxidized cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins are normally degraded by the proteasome, but accumulate with age and disease. We demonstrate the importance of various forms of the proteasome during transient (reversible) adaptation (hormesis), to oxidative stress in murine embryonic fibroblasts. Adaptation was achieved by 'pre-treatment' with very low concentrations of H2O2, and tested by measuring inducible resistance to a subsequent much higher 'challenge' dose of H2O2.

Oxidized and ubiquitinated proteins may predict recovery of postischemic cardiac function: essential role of the proteasome.

This study examined the hypothesis that postischemic levels of oxidized and/or ubiquitinated proteins may be predictive of functional recovery as they may be indicative of activity of the 20S and/or 26S proteasomes, respectively. Subjecting isolated rat hearts to 15 min of ischemia had no effect on 20S- and 26S-proteasome activities; however, both were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by 70% and 54%, respectively, following 30 min of ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion, changes associated with increased levels of protein carbonyls and ubiquitinated proteins.

Potential roles of protein oxidation and the immunoproteasome in MHC class I antigen presentation: the 'PrOxI' hypothesis.

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC-I) antigen presentation system is responsible for the cell-surface presentation of self-proteins and intracellular viral proteins. This pathway is important in screening between self, and non-self or infected cells. In this pathway, proteins are partially degraded to peptides in the cytosol and targeted to the cell surface bound to an MHC-I receptor protein.