Parentage-based tagging combined with genetic stock identification is a cost-effective and viable replacement for coded-wire tagging in large-scale assessments of marine Chinook salmon fisheries in British Columbia, Canada.

Wild Pacific salmon, including Chinook salmon , have been supplemented with hatchery propagation for over 50 years in support of increased ocean harvest, mitigation for hydroelectric development, and conservation of threatened populations. In Canada, the Wild Salmon Policy for Pacific salmon was established with the goal of maintaining and restoring healthy and diverse Pacific salmon populations, making conservation of wild salmon and their habitats the highest priority for resource management decision-making. For policy implementation, a new approach to the assessment and management of Chinook salmon and the associated hatchery production and fisheries management are needed.

Insights on the concept of indicator populations derived from parentage-based tagging in a large-scale coho salmon application in British Columbia, Canada.

For Pacific salmon, the key fisheries management goal in British Columbia (BC) is to maintain and restore healthy and diverse Pacific salmon populations, making conservation of salmon biodiversity the highest priority for resource management decision-making. Salmon status assessments are often conducted on coded-wire-tagged subsets of indicator populations based on assumptions of little differentiation within or among proximal populations. In the current study of southern BC coho salmon () populations, parentage-based tagging (PBT) analysis provided novel information on migration and life-history patterns to test the assumptions of biological homogeneity over limited (generally < 100 km) geographic distances and, potentially, to inform management of fisheries and hatchery broodstocks.

Variation in migration pattern, broodstock origin, and family productivity of coho salmon hatchery populations in British Columbia, Canada, derived from parentage-based tagging.

In salmonid parentage-based tagging (PBT) applications, entire hatchery broodstocks are genotyped, and subsequently, progeny can be nonlethally sampled and assigned back to their parents using parentage analysis, thus identifying their hatchery of origin and brood year (i.e., age).

Comparison of coded-wire tagging with parentage-based tagging and genetic stock identification in a large-scale coho salmon fisheries application in British Columbia, Canada.

Wild Pacific salmon, including Coho salmon , have been supplemented with hatchery propagation for over 50 years in support of increased ocean harvest and conservation of threatened populations. In Canada, the Wild Salmon Policy for Pacific salmon was established with the goal of maintaining and restoring healthy and diverse Pacific salmon populations, making conservation of wild salmon and their habitats the highest priority for resource management decision-making. A new approach to the assessment and management of wild coho salmon, and the associated hatchery production and fishery management is needed.

Telephone-Delivered Behavioral Skills Intervention for African American Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Diabetes disproportionately affects African Americans and is associated with poorer outcomes. Self-management is important for glycemic control; however, evidence in African Americans is limited.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of a combined telephone-delivered education and behavioral skills intervention (TBSI) in reducing hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in African Americans with type 2 diabetes, using a factorial design.

Comorbid depression is differentially associated with longitudinal medication nonadherence by race/ethnicity in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The aim of the study was to examine whether depression impacts medication nonadherence (MNA) over time and determine if race has a differential impact on MNA in patients with type 2 diabetes and comorbid depression.Generalized estimating equations were used with a longitudinal national cohort of 740,197 veterans with type 2 diabetes. MNA was the main outcome defined by <80% medication possession ratio for diabetes medications.

Tablet-Aided BehavioraL intervention EffecT on Self-management skills (TABLETS) for Diabetes.

Background: Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) show that behavioral lifestyle interventions are effective in improving diabetes management and that comprehensive risk factor management improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. The role of technology has been gaining strong support as evidence builds of its potential to improve diabetes management; however, evaluation of its impact in minority populations is limited. This study intends to provide early evidence of a theory-driven intervention, Tablet-Aided BehavioraL intervention EffecT on Self-management skills (TABLETS), using real-time videoconferencing for education and skills training.

Meaning of Illness and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between meaning of illness and cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The sample population was recruited from primary care clinics in the southeastern United States. The meaning of illness was assessed by a validated questionnaire with 5 subscales.

Social determinants of family health history collection.

Family health history (FHH) is the most basic form of genomic information. Although public health efforts have been made to promote FHH collection, empirical data on the extent to which community residents in rural areas actively collect FHH is limited. Therefore, we examined rates of FHH collection in a community-based sample of South Carolina residents.

Neighborhood Satisfaction and Colorectal Cancer Screening in a Community Sample of African Americans.

Social determinants are important to cancer screening among African Americans. To evaluate the association between social determinants (e.g.

Health locus of control and cardiovascular risk factors in veterans with type 2 diabetes.

Perceptions of control impact outcomes in veterans with chronic disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between control orientation and clinical and quality of life (QOL) outcomes in male veterans with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Cross-sectional study of 283 male veterans from a primary care clinic in the southeastern US.

Medical care expenditures associated with chronic kidney disease in adults with diabetes: United States 2011.

Objective: Approximately 1 in 3 adults with diabetes have CKD. However, there are no recent national estimates of the association of CKD with medical care expenditures in individuals with diabetes. Our aim is to assess the association of CKD with total medical expenditures in US adults with diabetes using a national sample and novel cost estimation methodology.

Meaning of illness and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Investigations into personal factors influencing quality of life are important for those developing strategies to support patients with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the influence of meaning of illness on quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Veterans from primary care clinics in the southeastern United States completed a questionnaire including questions from the validated 5-scale Meaning of Illness Questionnaire (MIQ).

Increasing prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy in South Carolina.

Background: The objective of our study was to examine the prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy at the population level in SC from January 1996 through December 2008.

Methods: The study included 387,720 non-Hispanic white (NHW), 232,278 non-Hispanic black (NHB), and 43,454 Hispanic live singleton births. Maternal inpatient hospital discharge codes from delivery (91.

Meaning of illness and self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between meaning of illness, diabetes knowledge, self-care understanding, and behaviors in a group of individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes completed questionnaires with measures for diabetes knowledge, self-care understanding, diet adherence, and control problems based on the validated Diabetes Care Profile, as well as a 5-factor Meaning of Illness Questionnaire (MIQ) measure. Linear regression investigated the associations between self-care outcomes and the 5 MIQ factors.

Technology-Intensified Diabetes Education Study (TIDES) in African Americans with type 2 diabetes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Compared to American Whites, African Americans have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), experiencing poorer metabolic control and greater risks for complications and death. Patient-level factors, such as diabetes knowledge, self-management skills, empowerment, and perceived control, account for >90% of the variance observed in outcomes between these racial groups. There is strong evidence that self-management interventions that include telephone-delivered diabetes education and skills training are effective at improving metabolic control in diabetes.

Impact of medical and psychiatric multi-morbidity on mortality in diabetes: emerging evidence.

Background: Multi-morbidity, or the presence of multiple chronic diseases, is a major problem in clinical care and is associated with worse outcomes. Additionally, the presence of mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, etc., has further negative impact on clinical outcomes.

Geographic and racial/ethnic variations in patterns of multimorbidity burden in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Multimorbidity presents a significant public health challenge, but regional, rural/urban, and racial/ethnic differences in patterns of multimorbidity in diabetes are poorly understood.

Objective: To describe patterns of multimorbidity in medical and mental health by regional, rural/urban, and racial/ethnic variation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Design: Retrospective cohort study from 2002 through 2006 PARTICIPANTS: A national cohort of 892,223 veterans with diabetes

Main Measures: Multimorbidity was the main outcome defined as: the measure of multimorbidity and two categorical outcomes, with pattern of medical and mental health comorbidities combined and separately.

Racial/ethnic differences in multiple diabetes outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes in the southeastern United States.

Objective: To determine racial/ethnic differences in control of multiple diabetes outcomes in a large, diverse primary care sample.

Methods: 661 adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were recruited from three primary care settings. The primary outcomes were individual and composite control of multiple diabetes outcomes.

Gender differences in composite control of cardiovascular risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Disparities in outcomes for cardiovascular disease (CVD) exist between men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined gender differences in composite control of cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of adults with T2DM.

Subjects And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 680 people recruited from three primary care settings.

Longitudinal effects of medication nonadherence on glycemic control.

Background: Medication nonadherence is known to worsen glycemic control. Few studies have examined this relationship over several years.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal effect of medication nonadherence on glycemic control among a large cohort of veterans.

Inverted Pendulum Standing Apparatus for Investigating Closed-Loop Control of Ankle Joint Muscle Contractions during Functional Electrical Stimulation.

The restoration of arm-free standing in individuals with paraplegia can be facilitated via functional electrical stimulation (FES). In developing adequate control strategies for FES systems, it remains challenging to test the performance of a particular control scheme on human subjects. In this study, we propose a testing platform for developing effective control strategies for a closed-loop FES system for standing.

Measuring apparent trabecular structure with pQCT: a comparison with HR-pQCT.

We evaluated how comparable peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measurements of cortical thickness, density, and apparent trabecular structure at the ultradistal tibia were with those measured with high-resolution pQCT (HR-pQCT). We also examined whether the accuracy of the pQCT-based trabecular and cortical measurements improved with reductions in slice thickness from the standard 2.2mm to 1.

Co-contraction of antagonist muscles during knee extension against gravity: insights for functional electrical stimulation control design.

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) involves electrically stimulating the neuromuscular system to generate skeletal muscle contractions in paralyzed muscles. Several new FES applications have been proposed that require closed-loop control systems. Co-contraction of antagonist muscle groups has been postulated as a promising approach for closed-loop control of FES systems.

Impact of diabetes control on mortality by race in a national cohort of veterans.

Purpose: The association between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), medication use/adherence, and mortality stratified by race/ethnicity was examined in a national cohort of veterans with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 892,223 veterans with diabetes in 2002 were followed through 2006. HbA1c category was the main exposure (i.