Advancing preventive health care for men across the lifespan.

Historically, cisgender men have been found to be reluctant to utilize healthcare services, particularly preventive care services. NPs can bridge this gap to address health disparities among men, who are more likely to develop life-threatening conditions and who generally face higher mortality at younger ages than women. Focusing on advancing preventive care among men strengthens family, community, and societal health, and the NP is crucial in fostering a culture of preventive care in this population.

Epidemiological burden of inborn errors of metabolism in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: This systematic review examines the evidence on the incidence and prevalence of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Introduction: IEMs are a set of conditions that can either be inherited or result from spontaneous mutations. Although each condition is rare in isolation, various specific disorders within the IEM group have an estimated global prevalence of 50.

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients with Hypertensive Emergencies: Implication for Risk Stratification.

Introduction: Acute severe elevation of blood pressure (BP) is a common clinical event, that can present as hypertensive emergency (HTNE) and hypertensive urgency (HTNU). HTNE results in life-threatening target organ damage, including myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, stroke, and acute kidney injury. It is associated with high utilization of healthcare and increased cost.

Rapid reviews and the methodological rigor of evidence synthesis: a JBI position statement.

The demand for rapid reviews has exploded in recent years. A rapid review is an approach to evidence synthesis that provides timely information to decision-makers (eg, health care planners, providers, policymakers, patients) by simplifying the evidence synthesis process. A rapid review is particularly appealing for urgent decisions.

Risk factors for hypertensive crisis in adult patients: a systematic review.

Objective: The objective of this review was to examine the best available evidence on the risk factors for hypertensive crisis in adult patients with hypertension.

Introduction: Hypertensive crisis is an acute severe elevation in blood pressure, which can present as hypertensive urgency or emergency. In contrast to hypertensive urgency, which is a markedly elevated blood pressure without acute target organ damage, hypertensive emergency is associated with equally high blood pressure in the presence of potentially life-threatening target organ damage, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary edema, or acute kidney injury.

Primary Prevention to Maintain Cognition and Prevent Acute Delirium Following Orthopaedic Surgery.

Cognitive impairment is a recognized predictor of acute delirium, particularly in the postoperative period. Estimates of up to 24% of patients experiencing delirium and its associated cognitive impairment during any orthopaedic procedure have been reported, with higher rates for those patients undergoing hip fracture repair. Primary prevention is the most effective strategy to maintain cognition and prevent delirium.

Risk factors for hypertensive crisis in adult patients: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this review is to conduct comprehensive appraisal and synthesis of evidence on risk factors for hypertensive crisis and, specifically, hypertensive emergencies among adult patients with hypertension.

Introduction: Hypertensive crisis is the most extreme form of poorly controlled hypertension that may lead to acute target organ damage (hypertensive emergency). Hypertensive crisis is associated with increased mortality, high utilization of health care and escalated healthcare costs.

Experiences of compassion fatigue in direct care nurses: a qualitative systematic review.

Objective: The objective of this review was to describe the experiences of direct care nurses with work-related compassion fatigue.

Introduction: The cumulative demands of experiencing and helping others through suffering have been considered to contribute to the potential of compassion fatigue. However, there is a lack of clarity on what specifically contributes to and constitutes compassion fatigue.

Experiences of HIV-infected adults and healthcare providers with healthcare delivery practices that influence engagement in US primary healthcare settings: a qualitative systematic review.

Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a major public health problem that has claimed the lives of more than 34 million people worldwide. The health of people living with HIV (PLWH) is optimized by ongoing engagement in HIV care, yet many people living with HIV either do not enter or fall out of care. Access to care and ongoing engagement in care for antiretroviral (ARV) medication adherence and psychoeducational support are critical to achieving the desired outcomes of reducing the risk of further HIV transmission and HIV related morbidity and mortality, and managing other commonly co-occurring health, social and behavioral conditions, thereby maximizing wellness.

The association between prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and childhood obesity: a systematic review.

Objective: The objective of the review was to determine if prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) increases the risk of obesity and overweight in children.

Introduction: Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in many developed countries. This is of great concern as childhood obesity is associated with early onset of chronic diseases such as coronary artery disease, type II diabetes and hypertension in adulthood.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cricoid Pressure Training and Education Efficacy.

We examined the evidence on the effectiveness of education and training on cricoid pressure (ie, Sellick maneuver) application. Cricoid pressure is used during rapid sequence induction and intubation to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration. We searched seven databases for studies on the education and training of health care personnel expected to apply cricoid pressure as a part of their regular clinical responsibilities.

School-Based and Community-Based Gun Safety Educational Strategies for Injury Prevention.

Background: Nearly 1,300 children in the United States die because of firearm-related injury each year and another 5,790 survive gunshot wounds, making the prevention of firearm-related unintentional injury to children of vital importance to families, health professionals, and policy makers.

Objective: To systematically review the evidence on school-based and community-based gun safety programs for children aged 3 to 18 years.

Study Design: Systematic review.

CE: Original Research: Recognizing Delirium in Hospitalized Children: A Systematic Review of the Evidence on Risk Factors and Characteristics.

Unlabelled: : Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the evidence regarding the risk factors for and characteristics of acute pediatric delirium in hospitalized children.

Methods: The systematic review method within an epidemiological framework of person, place, and time was used. Fifty-two studies were selected for initial retrieval.

Experiences of HIV-infected adults and healthcare providers with healthcare delivery practices influencing engagement in primary healthcare settings: a qualitative systematic review protocol.

The objective of this qualitative systematic review is to examine the experience and impact of health care delivery on health care engagement for adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus receiving primary care. This review will identify and synthesize the best available evidence on health care structures, processes and practices that promote patient engagement in primary health care.The review question to be addressed is: What are the experiences of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) and their health care providers with health care delivery processes and practices that impact engagement in primary health care settings (clinics, physician offices, and other community-based health care settings)? Specifically this review will compile evidence to illuminate health care system structures, provider practices, care delivery and programmatic processes that impact engagement in primary health care, as perceived by PLWH and their providers.

Experiences of compassion fatigue in direct care nurses: a qualitative systematic review protocol.

The objective of this qualitative systematic review is to examine available evidence on the experiences of direct care nurses of compassion fatigue (CF) within any nursing specialty or care setting. Specifically, this review will identify evidence on the following.

Strategies that reduce compassion fatigue and increase compassion satisfaction in nurses: a systematic review protocol.

The objective of this quantitative systematic review is to determine effective strategies to reduce compassion fatigue and improve compassion satisfaction among nurses.

Health Care Needs and Care Utilization Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Populations in New Jersey.

The purpose of this study was to explore prevalent health issues, perceived barriers to seeking health care, and utilization of health care among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations in New Jersey. A cross-sectional online survey was administered to 438 self-identified LGBT people. Results identified health needs, which included management of chronic diseases, preventive care for risky behaviors, mental health issues, and issues related to interpersonal violence.

Effectiveness of Mohs micrographic surgery for nonmelanoma skin cancer: a systematic review protocol.

The objective of the review is to evaluate the effectiveness of Mohs micrographic surgery on the mortality, recurrence and quality of life of patients with nonmelanoma skin cancers when compared with other treatment modalities.Specifically, it aims to examine the effectiveness of Mohs micrographic surgery compared with other treatment modalities such as excisional surgery, curettage and electrodessication and radiation therapy, as well as nonsurgical/chemotherapeutic interventions such as topical 5-fluorouracil and imiquimod immunotherapy in the management of nonmelanoma skin cancers.

Infants with Delirium: A Primer on Prevention, Recognition, and Management.

Delirium is a serious neuropsychiatric condition that emerges acutely in all age groups, including infants, children, and adolescents. Delirium serves as an urgent signal of distress that a young child’s brain is in trouble. Prevention, recognition, and management of infants with delirium is often especially challenging due to their pre-verbal status and still immature cognitive development.

Summarizing systematic reviews: methodological development, conduct and reporting of an umbrella review approach.

Aims: With the increase in the number of systematic reviews available, a logical next step to provide decision makers in healthcare with the evidence they require has been the conduct of reviews of existing systematic reviews. Syntheses of existing systematic reviews are referred to by many different names, one of which is an umbrella review. An umbrella review allows the findings of reviews relevant to a review question to be compared and contrasted.

Finding and using best evidence for rehabilitation.

With the demands for improved experiences of care, improved outcomes, and greater efficiency/lower costs, the need for an evidence-based approach to care in rehabilitation settings has never been more urgent. This article guides practitioners in how to find the best available evidence for rehabilitation settings. It then discusses the use of evidence from systematic reviews through a high-impact case study: delirium in patients with postoperative hip fracture.

Moving evidence to practice: reflections on a multisite academic-practice partnership.

This paper describes the challenges encountered by an academic team when working with clinical teams to translated knowledge for the purposes of quality improvement in multiple sites. The sites were four differing health care settings in a Northeastern US state: two acute care hospital sites (one rural, one urban), one visiting nurse service and one psychiatric specialty hospital were purposively chosen for the action research study. In conducting this study at these diverse sites the importance of developing relationships and trust, understanding the context and dealing with real world complexities were evident.

Evidence-based clinical audit criteria for the prevention and management of delirium in the postoperative patient with a hip fracture.

Delirium is a frequent, yet often unrecognized, occurrence in elderly hospitalized patients. In patients with hip fracture, the incidence of delirium is reported to be as high as 62% and even greater if over 65 years of age. One approach to the prevention and management of postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture is the clinical audit.

A systematic review on the transfer of information during nurse transitions in care.

Aims And Objectives: To examine the qualitative evidence on dynamics of knowledge transfer during transitions in care in acute care hospitals.

Background: The most common transition between nurse care providers is the intershift handoff. As these handoffs tend to be time-consuming and costly, it is important to understand the dynamics of the transfer of information at this time and, by extension, improve quality and safety.