A new antimicrobial solution called nitroglycerin-citrate-ethanol (NiCE) was developed to replace traditional catheter lock solutions and effectively eliminate biofilms caused by various drug-resistant bacteria and fungi.
The formulation was optimized by reducing nitroglycerin and citrate while increasing ethanol concentration, showing sustained effectiveness even with these adjustments.
NiCE not only eradicated biofilms rapidly but also exhibited anticoagulant properties similar to heparin, making it a promising nonantibiotic option for clinical use.