Implementation of Community Health Worker Support for Tobacco Cessation: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Objective: Adults with serious mental illness have high rates of tobacco use disorder and underuse pharmacotherapy for tobacco cessation. In a previous randomized controlled trial, participants receiving community health worker (CHW) support and education for their primary care providers (PCPs) had higher tobacco abstinence rates at 2 years, partly because of increased initiation of tobacco-cessation pharmacotherapy. The authors aimed to determine the association between CHW-participant engagement and tobacco abstinence outcomes.

Geographic range and minimum infection rate of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks in Manitoba, Canada from 1995 to 2017.

Introduction: The expanding geographical range of blacklegged ticks (BLTs), Ixodes scapularis, and its ability to transmit Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi poses an emerging public health risk. Our study determined the geographic distribution and the minimum infection rate (MIR) of B. burgdorferi-, A.

Screening for psychotic experiences and psychotic disorders in general psychiatric settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The absence of systematic screening for psychosis within general psychiatric services contribute to substantial treatment delays and poor long-term outcomes. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate rates of psychotic experiences, clinical high-risk for psychosis syndrome (CHR-P), and psychotic disorders identified by screening treatment-seeking individuals to inform implementation recommendations for routine psychosis screening in general psychiatric settings.

Methods: PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched to identify empirical studies that contained information on the point prevalence of psychotic experiences, CHR-P, or psychotic disorders identified by screening inpatient and outpatient samples aged 12-64 receiving general psychiatric care.

Implementation of Community Health Worker Support for Tobacco Cessation: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Objective: Adults with serious mental illness have high tobacco use disorder rates and underutilization of first-line tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy. In a randomized trial, participants offered community health worker (CHW) support and primary care provider (PCP) education had higher tobacco abstinence rates at two years, partly through increased tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy initiation. This study determined the association between participant-CHW engagement and tobacco abstinence outcomes.

Bloodstream Infections in Children Hospitalized for Influenza, the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active.

Background: We aimed to estimate the proportion of children hospitalized for influenza whose illness was complicated by bloodstream infection, describe their clinical course, and identify the factors associated with bloodstream infection.

Methods: We performed active surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations among children ≤16 years old at the 12 Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active hospitals, from the 2010-2011 to 2020-2021 influenza seasons. Factors associated with bloodstream infection were identified using multivariable logistic regression analyses.

COVID-19-related mental health challenges and opportunities perceived by mental health providers in the Philippines.

This paper outlines the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic as reported by 145 licensed mental health providers in the Philippines in an online survey. Respondents perceived an increase in observed mental health disorders in their beneficiaries and an overall decrease in stigma associated with receiving mental health care services during the pandemic. Respondents further identified specific stigma-related help-seeking barriers during the pandemic.

Outcomes of immunocompromised children hospitalized for Influenza, 2010-2021, the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active (IMPACT).

Objectives: To evaluate immunocompromising conditions and subgroups of immunocompromise as risk factors for severe outcomes among children admitted for influenza.

Methods: We performed active surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations among children ≤16 years old at the 12 Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active hospitals, during 2010-2021. Logistic regression analyses were used to compare outcomes between immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised children, and for different subgroups of immunocompromise.

Psychosocial model of burnout among humanitarian aid workers in Bangladesh: role of workplace stressors and emotion coping.

Background: While trauma exposure is an established predictor of poor mental health among humanitarian aid workers (HAWs), less is known about the role of psychosocial work-related factors. This study aims to establish a psychosocial model for burnout and psychological distress in HAWs that tests and compares the effects of adversity exposure and workplace stressors in combination, and explores the potential mediating role of individual coping styles.

Methods: Path analysis and model comparison using cross-sectional online survey data were collected from full-time international and local HAWs in Bangladesh between December 2020 and February 2021.

Long-term efficacy of brief psychological treatments for common mental disorders in Myanmar refugees in Malaysia: 12-month follow-up of a randomized, active-controlled trial of integrative adapt therapy cognitive behavioral therapy.

Background: Long-term efficacy of brief psychotherapies for refugees in low-resource settings is insufficiently understood. Integrative adapt therapy (IAT) is a scalable treatment addressing refugee-specific psychosocial challenges.

Methods: We report 12-month post-treatment data from a single-blind, active-controlled trial (October 2017-August 2019) where 327 Myanmar refugees in Malaysia were assigned to either six sessions of IAT ( = 164) or cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) ( = 163).

Risk factors for severe PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children.

Objective: To identify risk factors for severe disease in children hospitalised for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Design: Multicentre retrospective cohort study.

Setting: 18 hospitals in Canada, Iran and Costa Rica from 1 February 2020 to 31 May 2021.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in technology-dependent children: a multicenter case series.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to describe the clinical course and outcomes in children with technology dependence (TD) hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: Seventeen pediatric hospitals (15 Canadian and one each in Iran and Costa Rica) included children up to 17 years of age admitted February 1, 2020, through May 31, 2021, with detection of SARS-CoV-2. For those with TD, data were collected on demographics, clinical course and outcome.

Thrombosis and hemorrhage experienced by hospitalized children with SARS-CoV-2 infection or MIS-C: Results of the PICNIC registry.

Introduction: Coagulopathy and thrombosis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are well defined in hospitalized adults and leads to adverse outcomes. Pediatric studies are limited.

Methods: An international multicentered (n = 15) retrospective registry collected information on the clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in hospitalized children from February 1, 2020 through May 31, 2021.

Predictors of severe illness in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicentre cohort study.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We sought to investigate risk factors for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and explored changes in disease severity over time.

Methods: We obtained data from chart reviews of children younger than 18 years with confirmed or probable MIS-C who were admitted to 15 hospitals in Canada, Iran and Costa Rica between Mar.

Infants hospitalized for acute COVID-19: disease severity in a multicenter cohort study.

Age is the most important determinant of COVID-19 severity. Infectious disease severity by age is typically J-shaped, with infants and the elderly carrying a high burden of disease. We report on the comparative disease severity between infants and older children in a multicenter retrospective cohort study of children 0 to 17 years old admitted for acute COVID-19 from February 2020 through May 2021 in 17 pediatric hospitals.

Clinical Presentations and Outcomes of Children in Canada With Recurrent Invasive Pneumococcal Disease From the IMPACT Surveillance Network.

Background: Invasive pneumococcal disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause mortality and severe morbidity due to sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia, particularly in young children and the elderly. Recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease is rare yet serious sequelae of invasive pneumococcal disease that is associated with the immunocompromised and leads to a high mortality rate.

Method: This retrospective study reviewed recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease cases from the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program, ACTive (IMPACT) between 1991 and 2019, an active network for surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases and adverse events following immunization for children ages 0-16 years.

Presumed Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the incidence and outcomes of patients presenting with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in the pediatric emergency department (PED).

Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective cohort study of all patients from birth to 18 years presenting to the PED of a single center on 16 days distributed over 1 year. The presence of presumed SIRS (pSIRS, defined as noncore temperature measurement and cell count when clinically indicated) and sepsis was determined for all study patients.

Improvement of Local Cell Delivery Using Helix Transendocardial Delivery Catheter in a Porcine Heart.

Cardiac regeneration strategies using stem cells have shown variable and inconsistent results with respect to patient cardiac function and clinical outcomes. There has been increasing consensus that improving the efficiency of delivery may improve results. The Helix transendocardial delivery system (BioCardia Inc.

The trauma signature of 2016 Hurricane Matthew and the psychosocial impact on Haiti.

. Hurricane Matthew was the most powerful tropical cyclone of the 2016 Atlantic Basin season, bringing severe impacts to multiple nations including direct landfalls in Cuba, Haiti, Bahamas, and the United States. However, Haiti experienced the greatest loss of life and population disruption.

Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Enables In Vivo Confirmation of Peri-Infarct Restoration Following Stem Cell Therapy in a Porcine Ischemia-Reperfusion Model.

Background: The exact mechanism of stem cell therapy in augmenting the function of ischemic cardiomyopathy is unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that increased viability of the peri-infarct region (PIR) produces restorative benefits after stem cell engraftment. A novel multimodality imaging approach simultaneously assessed myocardial viability (manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging [MEMRI]), myocardial scar (delayed gadolinium enhancement MRI), and transplanted stem cell engraftment (positron emission tomography reporter gene) in the injured porcine hearts.

Transendocardial mesenchymal stem cells and mononuclear bone marrow cells for ischemic cardiomyopathy: the TAC-HFT randomized trial.

Importance: Whether culture-expanded mesenchymal stem cells or whole bone marrow mononuclear cells are safe and effective in chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy is controversial.

Objective: To demonstrate the safety of transendocardial stem cell injection with autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Design, Setting, And Patients: A phase 1 and 2 randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study involving 65 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction less than 50% (September 1, 2009-July 12, 2013).

Use of geographic information systems to determine new helipad locations and improve timely response while mitigating risk of helicopter emergency medical services operations.

Introduction: Traumatic injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, but these can be minimized by timely transport to definite care. Helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) provide timely transport and can influence survival. However, accident analyses indicate that landing at an unsecured landing zone (LZ), particularly at night, increases the risk of aviation accidents.

Biomaterial design strategies for the treatment of spinal cord injuries.

The highly debilitating nature of spinal cord injuries has provided much inspiration for the design of novel biomaterials that can stimulate cellular regeneration and functional recovery. Many experts agree that the greatest hope for treatment of spinal cord injuries will involve a combinatorial approach that integrates biomaterial scaffolds, cell transplantation, and molecule delivery. This manuscript presents a comprehensive review of biomaterial-scaffold design strategies currently being applied to the development of nerve guidance channels and hydrogels that more effectively stimulate spinal cord tissue regeneration.