Birthweight and the Prevalence, Progression, and Incidence of CKD in a Multideterminant Model in a High-Risk Australian Aboriginal Community.

Introduction: We have previously showed that albuminuria was associated with low birthweight in young adults in a remote Australian Aboriginal community that has high rates of kidney disease. Here we describe the association of birthweight with incidence and progression of kidney disease over time.

Methods: Among 695 members of an Aboriginal community with recorded birthweights, urine albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were measured at ages 5 to 40 years, and follow-up values were measured or imputed again a median of 11.

The multideterminant model of renal disease in a remote Australian Aboriginal population in the context of early life risk factors: lower birth weight, childhood post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, and current body mass index influence levels of albuminuria in young Aboriginal adults.

Background: Australian Aborigines in remote areas have very high rates of kidney disease, which is marked by albuminuria. We describe a "multihit" model of albuminuria in young adults in one remote Aboriginal community.

Methods: Urinary albumin/creatinine ratios (ACR) were measured in all subjects who volunteered to participate in a community-wide health screen.

The influence of birthweight, past poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and current body mass index on levels of albuminuria in young adults: the multideterminant model of renal disease in a remote Australian Aboriginal population with high rates of renal disease and renal failure.

Background: Australian Aborigines in remote areas have very high rates of kidney disease, which is marked by albuminuria. We describe a 'multihit' model of albuminuria in young adults in one remote Aboriginal community.

Methods: Urinary albumin/creatinine ratios (ACRs) were measured in 655 subjects aged 15-39 years and evaluated in the context of birthweights, a history of 'remote' poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN; ≥5 years earlier) and current body mass index (BMI).

Evidence for improved patient management through electronic patient records at a Central Australian Aboriginal Health Service.

Aim: To examine chronic disease (CD)-related clinical activity and outcomes associated with introduction of a more systematic approach to chronic disease care in a remote Aboriginal community, using data from Communicare patient record management system.

Methods: We examined CD process measures, outcomes and clinical profiles in adults age 15+ years from Communicare data and compared results for two intervals. Process measures were clinic visits and proportions of eligible patients with recorded CD-related procedures or diagnostic tests.

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is a strong risk factor for chronic kidney disease in later life.

Although unusual in western countries and in Australia in general, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is still common in Australian Aboriginal children living in remote communities. Here, we evaluated whether episodes of acute PSGN increased the risk for chronic kidney disease in later life in 1519 residents of a remote Aboriginal community (85% of those age eligible), with high rates of renal and cardiovascular disease, who participated in a health screen over a 3-year period. Of these, 200 had had at least one episode of PSGN, with 27 having had multiple episodes, usually in childhood.

Metal ion levels in patients with stainless steel spinal instrumentation.

Study Design: Case-control study.

Objectives: To determine whether metal ion concentrations are elevated in patients with spinal instrumentation.

Summary Of Background Data: Studies have shown that serum and urinary levels of component metal ions are abnormally elevated in patients with total joint arthroplasties.

Assessment of image quality of a standard and two dose-reducing protocols in paediatric pelvic CT.

Background: Concerns exist regarding the effect of radiation dose from paediatric pelvic CT scans and the potential later risk of radiation-induced neoplasm and teratogenic outcomes in these patients.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic quality of CT images of the paediatric pelvis using either reduced mAs or increased pitch compared with standard settings.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study of pelvic CT scans of 105 paediatric patients was performed using one of three protocols: (1) 31 at a standard protocol of 200 mA with rotation time of 0.