The Effect of an Exercise Intervention During Early Lactation on Bone Mineral Density During the First Year Postpartum.

Background: During lactation, women may lose up to 10% of bone mineral density (BMD) at trabecular-rich sites. Previous studies show that resistance exercise may slow BMD; however, the long-term effects of exercise on BMD during lactation have not been reported.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of two 16-week exercise interventions (4- to 20-wk postpartum) in lactating women at 1-year postpartum on lumbar spine, total body, and hip BMD.

Rationale, design and methods for the RIGHT Track Health Study: pathways from childhood self-regulation to cardiovascular risk in adolescence.

Background: Cardiovascular risk factors during adolescence-including obesity, elevated lipids, altered glucose metabolism, hypertension, and elevated low-grade inflammation-is cause for serious concern and potentially impacts subsequent morbidity and mortality. Despite the importance of these cardiovascular risk factors, very little is known about their developmental origins in childhood. In addition, since adolescence is a time when individuals are navigating major life changes and gaining increasing autonomy from their parents or parental figures, it is a period when control over their own health behaviors (e.

Psychosocial predictors of primiparous breastfeeding initiation and duration.

Background: Many US women fall short of meeting the recommendations on breastfeeding. Whereas prenatal demographic factors have been well researched in relation to breastfeeding, psychosocial maternal characteristics are less understood but could be important predictors of breastfeeding initiation and duration.

Objective: This study examined primiparous maternal psychosocial characteristics and temperamentally based negative infant affect as predictors of breastfeeding initiation and duration while accounting for depression and sociodemographic covariates.

Diet quality of overweight and obese mothers and their preschool children.

Background: Children of obese parents are more likely to become obese than children of normal-weight parents. However, there is little information regarding the diet intakes of children of obese parents.

Objective: Our objective was to determine the diet quality of preschoolers and their overweight/obese mothers, whether maternal and child diet quality were correlated, and predictors of child's diet quality.

Parental obesity moderates the relationship between childhood appetitive traits and weight.

Objective: In this study, the independent and combined associations between childhood appetitive traits and parental obesity on weight gain from 0 to 24 months and body mass index (BMI) z-score at 24 months in a diverse community-based sample of dual parent families (n = 213) were examined.

Design And Methods: Participants were mothers who had recently completed a randomized trial of weight loss for overweight/obese postpartum women. As measures of childhood appetitive traits, mothers completed subscales of the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire, including Desire to Drink (DD), Enjoyment of Food (EF), and Satiety Responsiveness (SR), and a 24-h dietary recall for their child.

Do high-risk preschoolers or overweight mothers meet AAP-recommended behavioral goals for reducing obesity?

Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has issued specific behavioral recommendations to prevent obesity. It is unclear how often high-risk preschoolers and overweight mothers meet recommended behavior goals and whether meeting these goals is negatively associated with overweight/obesity.

Objective: To describe the proportion of preschoolers and mothers that meet AAP-recommended behavior goals and examine the associations of meeting goals with weight-status, and mothers meeting goals and children meeting corresponding goals.

Diet quality and weight change among overweight and obese postpartum women enrolled in a behavioral intervention program.

Background: Postpartum weight retention is a risk factor for long-term weight gain. Encouraging new mothers to consume a healthy diet may result in weight loss.

Objective: To assess predictors of diet quality during the early postpartum period; to determine whether diet quality, energy intake, and lactation status predicted weight change from 5 to 15 months postpartum; and to determine whether an intervention improved diet quality, reduced energy intake, and achieved greater weight loss compared with usual care.

Use of MyPyramid Menu Planner for Moms in a weight-loss intervention during lactation.

The Internet offers a valuable resource for promotion of healthy eating and Web-based communication between the dietetics practitioner and client. In a 16-week intervention examining the effects of energy restriction (500 kcal/day) and exercise on body composition in overweight/obese lactating women, MyPyramid Menu Planner for Moms was used to support dietary counseling. Random assignment occurred at 4 weeks postpartum to either an Intervention group (n=14) or Minimal Care group (n=13) from 2008 through 2010.

Parent-focused change to prevent obesity in preschoolers: results from the KAN-DO study.

Objective: The study presents the immediate post-intervention results of Kids and Adults Now - Defeat Obesity!, a randomized controlled trial to enhance healthy lifestyle behaviors in mother-preschooler (2-5 years old) dyads in North Carolina (2007-2011). The outcomes include change from baseline in the child's diet, physical activity and weight, and in the mother's parenting behaviors, diet, physical activity, and weight.

Method: The intervention targeted parenting through maternal emotion regulation, home environment, feeding practices, and modeling of healthy behaviors.

Effects of energy restriction and exercise on bone mineral density during lactation.

Unlabelled: Modest energy restriction combined with resistance training (RT) has been shown in nonlactating women to protect bone during periods of weight loss. However, there is a paucity of research on dietary interventions and exercise in lactating women aimed at promoting bone health and weight loss.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of energy restriction and exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) and hormones during lactation.

Predictors of postpartum weight change among overweight and obese women: results from the Active Mothers Postpartum study.

Background: The postpartum period may be critical for the development of midlife obesity. Identifying factors associated with postpartum weight change could aid in targeting women for healthy lifestyle interventions.

Methods: Data from Active Mothers Postpartum (AMP), a study of overweight and obese postpartum women (n=450), were analyzed to determine the effect of baseline characteristics, breastfeeding, diet, physical activity, and contraception on weight change from 6 weeks to 12, 18, and 24 months postpartum.

Postpartum physical activity in overweight and obese women.

Background: Low physical activity (PA) during the postpartum period is associated with weight retention. While patterns of PA have been examined in normal weight women during this period, little is known about PA among overweight and obese women. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate PA and determine the proportion of women meeting recommendations for PA.

Effects of a dairy supplement and resistance training on lean mass and insulin-like growth factor in women.

Purpose: To examine the effect of yogurt supplementation pre- and postexercise on changes in body composition in overweight women engaged in a resistance-training program.

Methods: Participants (age = 36.8 ± 4.

Effects of calcium and resistance exercise on body composition in overweight premenopausal women.

Objective: To examine the combined treatment effect of a mild energy restriction, high dairy calcium intake, and resistance exercise on promoting favorable body composition changes in overweight women with a low dairy intake. Combined treatment strategies may produce synergistic effects on increasing fat loss and preserving bone in a population at risk for obesity and osteoporosis.

Methods: Overweight, sedentary women consuming a diet low in dairy calcium (≤1 serving of dairy per day) were randomized either (1) to maintain a low-calcium diet (LOW; ≤ 500 mg; n = 15) or (2) to increase dairy calcium (HIGH; ≥1200 mg; n = 14) for 16 weeks.

Kids and adults now! Defeat Obesity (KAN-DO): rationale, design and baseline characteristics.

Background: Prevention of childhood obesity is a public health priority. Parents influence a child's weight by modeling healthy behaviors, controlling food availability and activity opportunities, and appropriate feeding practices. Thus interventions should target education and behavioral change in the parent, and positive, mutually reinforcing behaviors within the family.

Comparison of dietary intake of overweight postpartum mothers practicing breastfeeding or formula feeding.

Background: Weight gain in the postpartum period is a risk factor for long-term obesity. Investigations of dietary intake among lactating and nonlactating overweight women might identify nutritional concerns specific to this population.

Objective: To compare nutrient, meal, and snack intakes, food-group servings and prevalence of dieting among fully breastfeeding (BF), mixed breast and formula feeding (MF), and formula feeding (FF) overweight and obese women.

Predictors of breastfeeding in overweight and obese women: data from Active Mothers Postpartum (AMP).

Excess maternal weight has been negatively associated with breastfeeding. We examined correlates of breastfeeding initiation and intensity in a racially diverse sample of overweight and obese women. This paper presents a secondary analysis of data from 450 women enrolled in a postpartum weight loss intervention (Active Mothers Postpartum [AMP]).

Gestational weight gain in consecutive pregnancies.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) in a woman's first and second pregnancies.

Study Design: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of 27,771 women with their first and second births in North Carolina's Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System database from 1996-2004. GWG was categorized as inadequate, appropriate, or excessive, according to 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines.

Effect of breastfeeding on weight retention from one pregnancy to the next: results from the North Carolina WIC program.

Objectives: Pregnancy-related weight retention can contribute to obesity, and breastfeeding may facilitate postpartum weight loss. We investigated the effect of breastfeeding on long-term postpartum weight retention.

Methods: Using data from the North Carolina Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC; 1996-2004), weight retention was assessed in women aged 18 years or older who had more than one pregnancy available for analysis (n=32,920).

Effect of breast-feeding on weight retention at 3 and 6 months postpartum: data from the North Carolina WIC Programme.

Objective: Pregnancy-related weight retention can contribute to obesity, and breast-feeding may facilitate postpartum weight loss. We investigated the effect of breast-feeding on postpartum weight retention.

Design: A retrospective follow-up study of weight retention, compared in women who were fully breast-feeding, combining breast-feeding with formula-feeding (mixed feeding), or formula-feeding at 3 months (n 14 330) or 6 months (n 4922) postpartum, controlling for demographic and weight-related covariates using multiple linear regression.

Multiparity is associated with high motivation to change diet among overweight and obese postpartum women.

Background: Pregnancy is associated with weight gain and obesity. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of parity and other factors on motivation to change diet to lose weight in a cohort of overweight and obese postpartum women.

Study Design: Active Mothers Postpartum is a randomized, controlled trial aimed at postpartum weight reduction.

Effect of exercise training on loss of bone mineral density during lactation.

Purpose: During lactation, women transfer approximately 200 mg of calcium per day to breast milk. For 6 months, this is equivalent to 3%-9% of bone mineral density (BMD) loss at trabecular-rich sites. Bone mass usually returns to prepregnancy levels with cessation of lactation but not in all women.

Maternal and infant characteristics associated with human milk feeding in very low birth weight infants.

This study identified maternal and infant characteristics predicting human milk (HM) feeding in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants whose mothers (n = 184) participated in a study of lactation counseling and initiated milk expression. Data were collected prospectively, by maternal interview and medical record review. During hospitalization, 159 (86%) infants received at least 50% HM proportion of feedings in the first 2 weeks of life, and 114 (62%) received some HM until the day of hospital discharge.

Active Mothers Postpartum: a randomized controlled weight-loss intervention trial.

Background: Pregnancy may contribute to overweight and obesity.

Purpose: The primary objective of Active Mothers Postpartum was to promote a reduction in BMI through 24-months postpartum via sustainable lifestyle changes.

Design: Behavioral intervention RCT to enhance postpartum weight loss.