Exploring Candesartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, as a novel inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome: alleviating inflammation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection.

Background: Gonorrhea, induced by Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, stands as a prevalent sexually transmitted inflammatory disease globally. Our earlier research illuminated that N. gonorrhoeae-infected macrophages provoke inflammation by activating the intracellular sensor NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a pivotal regulator in inflammatory diseases governing the maturation and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18.

Lectins CGL and MTL, representatives of mytilectin family, exhibit different antiproliferative activity in Burkitt's lymphoma cells.

Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins, whose biological effects are exerted via binding to glycoconjugates expressed on the surface of cells. Exposure to lectins can lead not only to a change in the structure and properties of cells but also to their death. Here, we studied the biological activity of lectins from the mussels Crenomytilus graynus (CGL) and Mytilus trossulus (MTL) and showed that these proteins can affect the proliferation of human lymphoma cells.

New l-Rhamnose-Binding Lectin from the Bivalve : Purification, Partial Structural Characterization and Antibacterial Activity.

In this study, a new l-rhamnose-binding lectin (GYL-R) from the hemolymph of bivalve was purified using affinity and ion-exchange chromatography and functionally characterized. Lectin antimicrobial activity was examined in different ways. The lectin was inhibited by saccharides possessing the same configuration of hydroxyl groups at C-2 and C-4, such as l-rhamnose, d-galactose, lactose, l-arabinose and raffinose.

Holothurian triterpene glycoside cucumarioside A-2 induces macrophages activation and polarization in cancer immunotherapy.

Background: Despite intensive developments of adoptive T cell and NK cell therapies, the efficacy against solid tumors remains elusive. Our study demonstrates that macrophage-based cell therapy could be a potent therapeutic option against solid tumors.

Methods: To this end, we determine the effect of a natural triterpene glycoside, cucumarioside A-2 (CA-2), on the polarization of mouse macrophages into the M1 phenotype, and explore the antitumor activity of the polarized macrophage.

Molecular Cloning and Characteristics of a Lectin from the Bivalve .

C-type lectins (CTLs) are a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins that mediate multiple biological events, including adhesion between cells, the turnover of serum glycoproteins, and innate immune system reactions to prospective invaders. Here, we describe the cDNA cloning of lectin from the bivalve (GYL), which encodes 161 amino acids and the C-type carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) with EPN and WND motifs. The deduced amino acid sequence showed similarity to other CTLs.

Biological Activity and Probable Mechanisms of Action of Derivatives of Tryptanthrin and Mostotrin Alkaloids.

The alkaloid tryptanthrin and its water-soluble derivative mostotrin exhibit high antimicrobial and antitumor activity. To develop more active and less toxic preparations, syntheses and testing of the biological activities of a number of new and/or little-studied analogs were performed. Some of them have been shown to have higher cytotoxicity against tumor and microbial cells than tryptanthrin and mostotrin.

Spatial Structure of Lectin from the Mussel : In-Sights from Molecular Modelling and Practical Proof.

Most proteins have the ability to self-associate into homooligomeric protein complexes, which consist of two or more identical subunits. Today, modern methods of molecular modeling are an integral part of the study of many biologically active molecules. In silico methods are widely used in structure establishing and function and activity prediction of lectins - carbohydrate-binding proteins.

The leaves of the seasoning plant inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome and ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice.

The intracellular sensor NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome controls caspase-1 activity and the maturation and release of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. The NLRP3 inflammasome has attracted the attention of the pharmaceutical industry because it promotes the pathogenesis of many diseases, making it a promising target for drug development. (Lour.

Repositioning of the Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Candesartan as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent With NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitory Activity.

Aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome promotes the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. The development of the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors from existing drugs for new therapeutic purposes is becoming more important. Candesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist widely used as a blood pressure-lowering drug; however, the inhibitory potential of candesartan on the NLRP3 inflammasome has not yet been investigated.

Corrigendum: A Synthetic Small Molecule F240B Decreases NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Autophagy Induction.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.

The Unusual Lipid A Structure and Immunoinhibitory Activity of LPS from Marine Bacteria KMM 6172 and KMM 6221.

Gram-negative bacteria experiencing marine habitats are constantly exposed to stressful conditions dictating their survival and proliferation. In response to these selective pressures, marine microorganisms adapt their membrane system to ensure protection and dynamicity in order to face the highly mutable sea environments. As an integral part of the Gram-negative outer membrane, structural modifications are commonly observed in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule; these mainly involve its glycolipid portion, i.

Immunomodulatory Properties of Polysaccharides from the Coral in Macrophages.

Polysaccharides from marine organisms produce an important regulatory effect on the mammalian immune system. In this study, the immunomodulatory properties of a polysaccharide that was isolated from the coral (PPA) were investigated. PPA increased the expression levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), but not inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide, in macrophages.

Structure of the Cell-Wall-Associated Polysaccharides from the Deep-Sea Marine Bacterium KMM 9415.

Two cell-wall-associated polysaccharides were isolated and purified from the deep-sea marine bacterium KMM 9415, purified by ultracentrifugation and enzymatic treatment, separated by chromatographic techniques, and studied by sugar analyses and NMR spectroscopy. The first polysaccharide with a molecular weight of about 20.7 kDa was found to contain d-arabinose, and the following structure of its disaccharide repeating unit was established: →2)-α-d-Ara-(1→5)-α-d-Ara-(1→.

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Lectin from the Clam and Its Functional Characterization under Microbial Stimulation and Environmental Stress.

Lectin from the bivalve (GYL) was purified by affinity chromatography on porcine stomach mucin-Sepharose. GYL is a dimeric protein with a molecular mass of 36 kDa, as established by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF analysis, consisting of 18 kDa subunits linked by a disulfide bridge. According to circular dichroism data, GYL is a β/α-protein with the predominance of β-structure.

A Synthetic Small Molecule F240B Decreases NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Autophagy Induction.

Conjugated polyenes are a class of widely occurring natural products with various biological functions. We previously identified 4-hydroxy auxarconjugatin B (4-HAB) as anti-inflammatory agent with an IC of ~20 µM. In this study, we synthesized a new anti-inflammatory 4-HAB analogue, F240B, which has an IC of less than 1 µM.

Ginsenoside M1 Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits the Migration of Human Oral Cancer Cells.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 5.8% of all malignancies in Taiwan, and the incidence of OSCC is on the rise. OSCC is also a common malignancy worldwide, and the five-year survival rate remains poor.

Structure and in vitro Bioactivity against Cancer Cells of the Capsular Polysaccharide from the Marine Bacterium Psychrobacter .

Psychrobacter KMM 277 is a psychrophilic Gram-negative bacterium that has been isolated from the internal tissues of an ascidian sp. Here, we report the structure of the capsular polysaccharide from P. KMM 277 and its effect on the viability and colony formation of human acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells.

Synthetic 4-Hydroxy Auxarconjugatin B, a Novel Autophagy Inducer, Attenuates Gouty Inflammation by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome.

Gouty arthritis results from the generation of uric acid crystals within the joints. These uric acid crystals activate the NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which is involved in chronic inflammatory diseases, including gouty arthritis. This study identified the polyenylpyrrole derivative 4-hydroxy auxarconjugatin B (4-HAB), a novel autophagy inducer, which attenuated uric acid crystals-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and in vivo.

Activity Dependence of a Novel Lectin Family on Structure and Carbohydrate-Binding Properties.

A GalNAc/Gal-specific lectins named CGL and MTL were isolated and characterized from the edible mussels and . Amino acid sequence analysis of these lectins showed that they, together with another lectin MytiLec-1, formed a novel lectin family, adopting β-trefoil fold. In this mini review we discuss the structure, oligomerization, and carbohydrate-binding properties of a novel lectin family.

Structure and bioactivity of sulfated α-D-mannan from marine bacterium Halomonas halocynthiae KMM 1376.

Halomonas halocynthiae KMM 1376 is a Gram-negative bacterium that has been isolated from gill tissue of the ascidian Halocynthia aurantium. Mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide of H. halocynthiae KMM 1376 afforded an O-polysaccharide, which was studied by sugar analysis and NMR spectroscopy.

Mechanistic Insight Into the Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome by in Macrophages.

Gonorrhea is a type III legal communicable disease caused by (NG), one of the most common sexually transmitted bacteria worldwide. NG infection can cause urethritis or systemic inflammation and may lead to infertility or other complications. The NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a protein complex composed of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein and caspase-1 and is an important part of the cellular machinery controlling the release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and the pathogenesis of numerous infectious diseases.

Structure, antiproliferative and cancer preventive properties of sulfated α-d-fucan from the marine bacterium Vadicella arenosi.

Sulfated fucose-containing glycopolymers are currently of great interest because of their wide spectrum of bioactivity, including anti-tumor properties. In this study, the structure of O-polysaccharide (OPS) of the marine bacterium Vadicella arenosi KMM 9024, its effect on the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and cancer preventive properties were investigated. Two OPS fractions with different molecular weights were isolated and purified from the lipopolysaccharide by mild acid hydrolysis followed by anion-exchange chromatography.