Characterizing the Origins of Primary Aldosteronism.

Background: Renin-independent aldosterone production in normotensive people increases risk for developing hypertension. In parallel, normotensive adrenal glands frequently harbor aldosterone-producing micronodules with pathogenic somatic mutations known to induce primary aldosteronism (PA). A deeper understanding of these phenomena would inform the origins of PA and its role in hypertension pathogenesis.

Progressive 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Insufficiency as Kidney Function Declines.

Background: It has been postulated that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a state of relative 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11βHSD2) insufficiency, resulting in increased cortisol-mediated mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation. We hypothesized that relative 11βHSD2 insufficiency manifests across a wide spectrum of progressively declining kidney function, including within the normal range.

Methods: Adult participants were recruited at two academic centers.

Erratum: Global Polarization of Ξ and Ω Hyperons in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 162301 (2021)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.

Challenges and opportunities in diagnosing and managing mild traumatic brain injury in rural settings.

Introduction: There is some evidence to suggest that Americans living in rural areas are at increased risk for sustaining a traumatic brain injury (TBI) compared to those living in urban areas. In addition, once a TBI has been sustained, rural residents have worse outcomes, including a higher risk of death. Individuals living in rural areas tend to live farther from hospitals and have less access to TBI specialists.

Effect on intrinsic peroxidase activity of substituting coevolved residues from Ω-loop C of human cytochrome c into yeast iso-1-cytochrome c.

Naturally-occurring variants of human cytochrome c (Cytc) that induce thrombocytopenia IV occur within Ω-loop C (residues 40-57). These variants enhance the peroxidase activity of human Cytc apparently by facilitating access to the heme by destabilizing Ω-loops C and D (residues 70-85). Given the importance of peroxidase activity in the early stages of apoptosis, we identified three sites with the EVmutation algorithm in or near Ω-loop C that coevolve and differ between yeast iso-1-Cytc and human Cytc.

A Theory of Change for Guiding the Integration of Human-Centered Design Into Global Health Programming.

The goal of this theory of change is to provide funders, implementing partners, and designers a tool to increase the understanding and application of human-centered design (HCD) as an approach that enhances global health programming. The theory of change also aims to communicate the potential for HCD to introduce new and disruptive mindsets, practices, and techniques to global health programming and to clarify HCD's potential value from the funding application process through to implementation. We seek to answer the key question: how do design and traditional global health practices and mindsets integrate to drive more people-centered, innovative solutions to health challenges and achieve common health sector and global health ecosystem goals?

Denatured State Conformational Biases in Three-Helix Bundles Containing Divergent Sequences Localize near Turns and Helix Capping Residues.

cytochrome ', a four-helix bundle, and the second ubiquitin-associated domain, UBA(2), a three-helix bundle from the human homologue of yeast Rad23, HHR23A, deviate from random coil behavior under denaturing conditions in a fold-specific manner. The random coil deviations in each of these folds occur near interhelical turns and loops in their tertiary structures. Here, we examine an additional three-helix bundle with an identical fold to UBA(2), but a highly divergent sequence, the first ubiquitin-associated domain, UBA(1), of HHR23A.

Observation of D_{s}^{±}/D^{0} Enhancement in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV.

We report on the first measurement of charm-strange meson D_{s}^{±} production at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV from the STAR experiment. The yield ratio between strange (D_{s}^{±}) and nonstrange (D^{0}) open-charm mesons is presented and compared to model calculations. A significant enhancement, relative to a pythia simulation of p+p collisions, is observed in the D_{s}^{±}/D^{0} yield ratio in Au+Au collisions over a large range of collision centralities.

Erratum: Azimuthal Anisotropy of K_{S}^{0} and Λ+Λ[over ¯] Production at Midrapidity from Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s]_{NN}=130 GeV [Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 132301 (2002)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.

Erratum: Azimuthal Anisotropy at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider: The First and Fourth Harmonics [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 062301 (2004)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.

Measurement of e^{+}e^{-} Momentum and Angular Distributions from Linearly Polarized Photon Collisions.

The Breit-Wheeler process which produces matter and antimatter from photon collisions is experimentally investigated through the observation of 6085 exclusive electron-positron pairs in ultraperipheral Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV. The measurements reveal a large fourth-order angular modulation of cos4Δϕ=(16.8±2.

Global Polarization of Ξ and Ω Hyperons in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV.

Global polarization of Ξ and Ω hyperons has been measured for the first time in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV. The measurements of the Ξ^{-} and Ξ[over ¯]^{+} hyperon polarization have been performed by two independent methods, via analysis of the angular distribution of the daughter particles in the parity violating weak decay Ξ→Λ+π, as well as by measuring the polarization of the daughter Λ hyperon, polarized via polarization transfer from its parent. The polarization, obtained by combining the results from the two methods and averaged over Ξ^{-} and Ξ[over ¯]^{+}, is measured to be ⟨P_{Ξ}⟩=0.

Nonmonotonic Energy Dependence of Net-Proton Number Fluctuations.

Nonmonotonic variation with collision energy (sqrt[s_{NN}]) of the moments of the net-baryon number distribution in heavy-ion collisions, related to the correlation length and the susceptibilities of the system, is suggested as a signature for the quantum chromodynamics critical point. We report the first evidence of a nonmonotonic variation in the kurtosis times variance of the net-proton number (proxy for net-baryon number) distribution as a function of sqrt[s_{NN}] with 3.1  σ significance for head-on (central) gold-on-gold (Au+Au) collisions measured solenoidal tracker at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.

Insights into the Slow Uptake of Residential Lead Paint Remediation Funds: A Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Case Study.

Lead poisoning is a preventable condition that continues to affect thousands of children each year. Given that local governments and municipalities are eligible to apply for federal funds to perform lead remediation in low-income family homes, we sought to understand how lead poisoning knowledge levels may affect the uptake of these funds. We recruited and conducted 28 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with community members from Lancaster County in the state of Pennsylvania in the USA.

Rural Primary Care Providers' Experience and Usage of Clinical Recommendations in the CDC Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Guideline: A Qualitative Study.

Purpose: In 2018, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released an evidence-based guideline on pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) to educate health care providers on best practices of mTBI diagnosis, prognosis, and management/treatment. As residents living in rural areas have higher rates of mTBI, and may have limited access to care, it is particularly important to disseminate the CDC guideline to rural health care providers. The purpose of this paper is to describe rural health care providers' experience with pediatric mTBI patients and their perceptions on incorporating the guideline recommendations into their practice.

First Measurement of Λ_{c} Baryon Production in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV.

We report on the first measurement of the charmed baryon Λ_{c}^{±} production at midrapidity (|y|<1) in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV collected by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The Λ_{c}/D^{0} [denoting (Λ_{c}^{+}+Λ_{c}^{-})/(D^{0}+D[over ¯]^{0})] yield ratio is measured to be 1.08±0.

First Observation of the Directed Flow of D^{0} and D^{0}[over ¯] in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV.

We report the first measurement of rapidity-odd directed flow (v_{1}) for D^{0} and D^{0}[over ¯] mesons at midrapidity (|y|<0.8) in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV using the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. In 10-80% Au+Au collisions, the slope of the v_{1} rapidity dependence (dv_{1}/dy), averaged over D^{0} and D^{0}[over ¯] mesons, is -0.

Observation of Excess J/ψ Yield at Very Low Transverse Momenta in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV and U+U Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=193 GeV.

We report on the first measurements of J/ψ production at very low transverse momentum (p_{T}<0.2  GeV/c) in hadronic Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV and U+U collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=193  GeV. Remarkably, the inferred nuclear modification factor of J/ψ at midrapidity in Au+Au (U+U) collisions reaches about 24 (52) for p_{T}<0.

Polarization of Λ (Λ[over ¯]) Hyperons along the Beam Direction in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV.

The Λ (Λ[over ¯]) hyperon polarization along the beam direction has been measured in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV, for the first time in heavy-ion collisions. The polarization dependence on the hyperons' emission angle relative to the elliptic flow plane exhibits a second harmonic sine modulation, indicating a quadrupole pattern of the vorticity component along the beam direction, expected due to elliptic flow. The polarization is found to increase in more peripheral collisions, and shows no strong transverse momentum (p_{T}) dependence at p_{T} greater than 1  GeV/c.

The relative role of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in eplerenone metabolism.

Cytochrome P450 mediated metabolism is the rate-limiting step of elimination for many drugs. CYP3A4 is the most abundant hepatic isoform and CYP3A4/5 metabolize the largest fraction of drugs. Pharmacogenetic studies have not been able to characterize population variability in CYP3A4 activity because few variant alleles associated with aberrant enzyme activity have been found.

Professionals' Perceptions: "Why is Lead Poisoning Prevalent in Lancaster County?".

Background: The prevalence of lead poisoning in children under the age of six years living in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania continues to be greater than the state-wide prevalence for this age group. This study aims to determine the factors that contribute to the high lead poisoning rates.

Methods: For this qualitative study, the researchers recruited a convenience sample of professionals providing healthcare and social welfare services in the county.

Azimuthal Harmonics in Small and Large Collision Systems at RHIC Top Energies.

The first (v_{1}^{fluc}), second (v_{2}), and third (v_{3}) harmonic coefficients of the azimuthal particle distribution at midrapidity are extracted for charged hadrons and studied as a function of transverse momentum (p_{T}) and mean charged particle multiplicity density ⟨N_{ch}⟩ in U+U (sqrt[s_{NN}]=193  GeV), Au+Au, Cu+Au, Cu+Cu, d+Au, and p+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV with the STAR detector. For the same ⟨N_{ch}⟩, the v_{1}^{fluc} and v_{3} coefficients are observed to be independent of the collision system, while v_{2} exhibits such a scaling only when normalized by the initial-state eccentricity (ϵ_{2}). The data also show that ln(v_{2}/ϵ_{2}) scales linearly with ⟨N_{ch}⟩^{-1/3}.

Erratum: Observation of D^{0} Meson Nuclear Modifications in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 142301 (2014)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.