Pharmacokinetic study of local and systemic gentamicin concentrations after subcutaneous implantation of a gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge in dogs.

This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of commercial gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponges (GICS) applied subcutaneously in dogs. In six healthy beagles, an 11 ×6 cm subcutaneous pocket was created, a folded 10×10 cm GICS was inserted, and saline was injected to mimic a seroma. Wound fluid samples were aspirated, and the gentamicin concentration was determined.

Residue depletion of enrofloxacin and flumequine in feathers of broilers based on quantitative UHPLC-MS/MS detection.

To explore potential factors contributing to high fluoroquinolone resistance levels, it is essential to develop analytical methods capable of detecting residues and trace amounts of antibiotic use in broilers. The aim of the present study was to develop and in-house validate a sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method capable of determining enrofloxacin (ENR) and flumequine (FLU) residues at slaughter age (day 45) when the animals were treated with these antimicrobials one day after hatching. Residue depletion of ENR and FLU in feathers was also assessed.

Berberine-microbiota interplay: orchestrating gut health through modulation of the gut microbiota and metabolic transformation into bioactive metabolites.

Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in plants. It presents a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, despite a low oral bioavailability. Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is the target of berberine, and that the microbiota metabolizes berberine to active metabolites, although little evidence exists in the specific species involved in its therapeutic effects.

Prenatal treprostinil improves pulmonary arteriolar hypermuscularization in the rabbit model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a congenital malformation characterized by pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac dysfunction. Pulmonary hypertension represents the major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Prenatal diagnosis allows assessment of severity and selection of foetal surgery candidates.

A High Dose of Dietary Berberine Improves Gut Wall Morphology, Despite an Expansion of and a Reduction in Beneficial Microbiota in Broiler Chickens.

Phytogenic products are embraced as alternatives to antimicrobials, and some are known to mitigate intestinal inflammation and ensure optimal gut health and performance in broiler chickens. Dietary inclusion of berberine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid found in plants, is believed to exert gut health-promoting effects through modulation of the gut microbiota; however, there are only a few studies investigating its effects in chickens. The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between dietary supplementation of a high concentration of berberine, the gastrointestinal microbiota, and histomorphological parameters in the gut.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Amoxicillin Combined With Clavulanic Acid in Healthy and Critically Ill Dogs.

Data regarding antimicrobial pharmacokinetics (PK) in critically ill dogs are lacking and likely differ from those of healthy dogs. The aim of this work is to describe a population PK model for intravenous (IV) amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC) in both healthy and sick dogs and to simulate a range of clinical dosing scenarios to compute PK/PD cutoffs for both populations. This study used a prospective clinical trial in normal and critically ill dogs.

Cov-MS: A Community-Based Template Assay for Mass-Spectrometry-Based Protein Detection in SARS-CoV-2 Patients.

Rising population density and global mobility are among the reasons why pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, spread so rapidly across the globe. The policy response to such pandemics will always have to include accurate monitoring of the spread, as this provides one of the few alternatives to total lockdown. However, COVID-19 diagnosis is currently performed almost exclusively by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Description of Plasma Penicillin G Concentrations after Intramuscular Injection in Double-Muscled Cows to Optimize the Timing of Antibiotherapy for Caesarean Section.

In order to improve the efficacy of penicillin injection during caesarean section, we aimed to identify the optimal timing of its preoperative administration. A study was conducted in 12 adult, non-pregnant Belgian Blue cows. To evaluate the plasma penicillin concentrations, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein at -5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 240, 480 min relative to the intramuscular (IM) injection of 21,000 IU/kg of body weight of penicillin G.

Converting Galactose into the Rare Sugar Talose with Cellobiose 2-Epimerase as Biocatalyst.

Cellobiose 2-epimerase from (CE) reversibly converts a glucose residue to a mannose residue at the reducing end of β-1,4-linked oligosaccharides. In this study, the monosaccharide specificity of CE has been mapped and the synthesis of d-talose from d-galactose was discovered, a reaction not yet known to occur in nature. Moreover, the conversion is industrially relevant, as talose and its derivatives have been reported to possess important antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Pharmacokinetics of oral transmucosal and intramuscular dexmedetomidine combined with buprenorphine in cats.

Plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine and buprenorphine after oral transmucosal (OTM) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of their combination in healthy adult cats were compared.

Drought footprint on European ecosystems between 1999 and 2010 assessed by remotely sensed vegetation phenology and productivity.

Drought affects more people than any other natural disaster but there is little understanding of how ecosystems react to droughts. This study jointly analyzed spatio-temporal changes of drought patterns with vegetation phenology and productivity changes between 1999 and 2010 in major European bioclimatic zones. The Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was used as drought indicator whereas changes in growing season length and vegetation productivity were assessed using remote sensing time-series of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI).

Quantitative analysis of an anti-viral immune escape compound ML-7 in feline plasma using ultra performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

An analytical method for the quantitative measurement of ML-7, a product with possible anti-immune escape activity for feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), in feline plasma was developed and validated. The sample preparation consists of a solid-phase extraction step on an MCX cartridge. ML-7 and ML-9, used as the internal standard for the analysis, were separated on an ACQUITY UPLC™ BEH C(18) reversed-phase column (1.

Hybridoma cell behaviour in continuous culture under hyperosmotic stress.

In this paper, we propose an alternative strategy to the ones proposed before (Oh et al., 1993; Øyaas et al., 1994a) to get real increases of global final antibody titer and production at hyperosmotic stress, by reducing the detrimental effect of such a stress on cell growth, and conserving the stimulating effect on antibody production.

Increased productivity of recombinant tissular plasminogen activator (t-PA) by butyrate and shift of temperature: a cell cycle phases analysis.

Directed control of cell metabolism by a modification of the physicochemical conditions (presence of Na-butyrate and modification of the temperature) was used to modulate the productivity of human recombinant tissular plasminogen activator (t-PA) expressed under control of SV40 promoter in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines. We showed that both by adding Na-butyrate or lowering temperature from 37 degrees C to 32 degrees C there is an increase in the amount of t-PA excreted, while cell growth is significantly reduced. The treatments also increased the intracellular amount of t-PA.

A general artificial neural network for the modelization of culture kinetics of different CHO strains.

Animal cell cultures are characterized by very complex nonlinear behaviors, difficult to simulate by analytical modeling. Artificial Neural Networks, while being black box models, possess learning and generalizing capacities that could lead to better results. We first trained a three-layer perceptron to simulate the kinetics of five important parameters (biomass, lactate, glucose, glutamine and ammonia concentrations) for a series of CHO K1(Chinese Hamster Ovary, type K1) batch cultures.

Stimulation of monoclonal antibody production of hybridoma cells by butyrate: evaluation of a feeding strategy and characterization of cell behaviour.

Experiments, earlier performed in our laboratory, showedthe stimulating effect of butyric acid on monoclonalantibody production by hybridoma cells. Itssimulaneous inhibitory effect on cell growth canhowever compensate for this, so that no increase ofmonoclonal antibody titer might be obtained. We showin this article an experiment with addition of butyricacid in the middle of the growth phase of a batchculture, as a strategy to take real profit of such anaddition by a significant increase of final monoclonalantibody concentration.

Rapid method for the quantification of amoxicillin and its major metabolites in pig tissues by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with emphasis on stability issues.

A fast method for the quantitative determination of amoxicillin (AMO), amoxicilloic acid (AMA) and amoxicillin diketopiperazine-2',5'-dione (DIKETO) in pig edible tissues (kidney, liver, fat and muscle) with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) is presented. The method uses a simple liquid-liquid extraction of the tissue matrix with a 10 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 4.5) as extraction solvent.

Quantitative determination of dihydrostreptomycin in bovine tissues and milk by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.

Dihydrostreptomycin (DHS) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used in veterinary medicine in combination with benzylpenicillin for the treatment of bacterial infections in cattle, pigs and sheep. A method to determine its residues in edible tissues of cattle, as well as in milk, was developed and validated. Extraction of DHS from the tissues was performed using a liquid extraction with a 10 mM phosphate buffer containing 2% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid, while milk samples were treated with a 50% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid solution, followed by a solid-phase clean-up procedure on a carboxypropyl (CBA) weak cation exchange column.

Control of the keto-enol tautomerism of chlortetracycline for its straightforward quantitation in pig tissues by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Chlortetracycline (CTC) is a member of the group of the tetracycline antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine. Its reliable measurement in edible tissues is hampered by the fact that CTC is subjected to keto-enol tautomerism resulting in its keto- and enol-form. Also, it undergoes epimerization to form its 4-epimer.

Quantitative determination of chlortetracycline content in animal plasma at controlled keto-enol tautomerism by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.

Chlortetracycline (CTC) is a member of the group of the tetracycline antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine. Its reliable measurement in plasma - necessary to study its pharmacokinetics - is hampered by the fact that CTC is subjected to keto-enol tautomerism resulting in its keto- and enol-form. Also, it undergoes epimerization to form its 4-epimer.

Antipyretic effect of oral sodium salicylate after an intravenous E. coli LPS injection in broiler chickens.

A study was set up to investigate the influence of sodium salicylate on fever and acute phase reaction after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in broiler chickens. An acute phase reaction was provoked through the intravenous injection of Escherichia coli LPS. Four oral doses of sodium salicylate were tested.

Quantitative determination of dexamethasone in bovine milk by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.

Dexamethasone (DXM) is a synthetic glucocorticoid that is authorized for therapeutic use in veterinary medicine. The European Community (EC) fixed a maximum residue limit (MRL) at 2ng/g for liver, 0.75ng/g for muscle and kidney tissues, and 0.

Evaluation and establishing the performance of different screening tests for tetracycline residues in animal tissues.

Four methods intended for screening muscle tissue for residues belonging to the tetracycline group were compared using artificially contaminated as well as incurred samples. Two agar diffusion methods were studied: one with Bacillus subtilis as a test strain, the second with Bacillus cereus. Two variants of each method were compared: thin plates for analysis of intact or minced meat, and thick plates for analysis of meat fluid.

Quantitative analysis of oxytetracycline and its 4-epimer in calf tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Tetracycline antibiotics are commonly used in veterinary medicine because of their broad spectrum activity and cost effectiveness. Oxytetracycline (OTC) is one of the most important members of this antibiotic family. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a method to determine OTC residues in edible tissues of calf.

Determination of clindamycin in animal plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

A method for the quantification of clindamycin in animal plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) is presented. Lincomycin is used as the internal standard. The sample preparation includes a simple deproteinization step with trichloroacetic acid.