Novel approaches to enable equitable access to monoclonal antibodies in low- and middle-income countries.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are revolutionizing management of non-communicable diseases in high-income countries and are increasingly being advanced for a range of infectious diseases (IDs). However, access to existing mAbs is limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and investment in developing fit-for-purpose mAbs for IDs that disproportionately affect LMICs has been limited. Underlying these access barriers are systemic challenges, including a lack of commercial incentives to target LMIC markets and complexity in manufacturing and regulatory processes.

Development of a TB vaccine trial site in Africa and lessons from the Ebola experience.

Tuberculosis is the deadliest infection of our time. In contrast, about 11,000 people died of Ebola between 2014 and 2016. Despite this manifest difference in mortality, there is now a vaccine licensed in the United States and by the European Medicines Agency, with up to 100% efficacy against Ebola.

Emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis during continuously dosed moxifloxacin monotherapy in a mouse model.

Fluoroquinolone resistance in tuberculosis may rapidly emerge. Mice infected with high titers of aerosolized Mycobacterium tuberculosis and treated for 8 weeks with four concentrations of moxifloxacin (0.125, 0.

Short report: modulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by Plasmodium in the murine model.

A large proportion of people with latent tuberculosis live in malaria-endemic areas, so co-infection with these two organisms is likely to be common. To determine whether there might be a biologic interaction between these two pathogens in vivo, we infected mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and then with a non-lethal strain of Plasmodium yoelii eight weeks later. Mice chronically infected with M.

Comparison of C(18)-carboxypropylbetaine and standard N-acetyl-L-cysteine-NaOH processing of respiratory specimens for increasing tuberculosis smear sensitivity in Brazil.

Techniques to improve the sensitivity of smear microscopy would facilitate early tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and disease control, especially in low-income countries where the positive predictive value is high. C(18)-carboxypropylbetaine (CB-18) is a zwitterionic detergent that helps to compensate for the innate buoyancy of mycobacteria, potentially enhancing recovery by centrifugation. Previous data suggest that CB-18 may increase the sensitivity of smear, culture, and molecular amplification diagnostic testing.

Naturally attenuated, orally administered Mycobacterium microti as a tuberculosis vaccine is better than subcutaneous Mycobacterium bovis BCG.

Mycobacterium microti is phylogenetically closely related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is a member of that complex of organisms. It is a curved, acid-fast bacillus that is naturally attenuated with a narrow host range for Microtus species only. In this study, we confirm the unique susceptibility of voles to infection with M.