Intracranial atherosclerotic disease and neurodegeneration: a narrative review and plausible mechanisms.

Introduction: Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) of the large cerebral arteries, a leading cause of stroke worldwide, is increasingly implicated in cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration among the general population; however, the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms in this relationship remain unknown.

Methods: In this narrative review, we aim to provide an overview of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of ICAD, the evidence that relates ICAD to neurodegeneration, putative mechanisms, and future research directions. We synthesized available evidence on PubMed up to August 2024.

Lifestyle Factors and Stroke Prevention: From the Individual to the Community.

Purpose Of Review: The overwhelming majority of stroke burden can be prevented through the pillars of lifestyle medicine: diet, exercise, sleep, substance abuse, stress management, and healthy relationships. Among these, diet confers the greatest attributable risk.

Recent Findings: Despite abundant data and integration of lifestyle medicine within major stroke prevention guidelines, several barriers to effective implementation remain.

Improving Quality and Cost of the Oncology Advanced Practice Provider Chemotherapy Privileging Process.

Background: Managing antineoplastic orders, side effects, and symptoms is a primary role of oncology advanced practice providers (APPs). Antineoplastic management (ANM) is complex because of risk of medication errors, narrow therapeutic range of agents, frequent dose adjustments, and multiple drug regimens.

Objectives: This article describes an academic institution's review of current practice for ANM privileging and employing Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles to develop a revised process relevant to APP practice, addressing efficiency, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness.

Optimizing Surgical Management of Acute Invasive Fungal Sinusitis.

Objective: Early surgical debridement is vital for favorable outcomes in acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS). Our study aimed to propose guidelines with tailored, conservative surgical procedures based on areas of involvement and evaluate their usefulness in avoiding repeated debridement.

Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted on 150 AIFS patients operated on with the proposed surgical guidelines from May to June 2021 at a tertiary care hospital.

Pott's puffy tumor: An unusual complication of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis.

Objective: To describe clinicoradiological features and surgical outcomes in a series of nine patients with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) who presented with Pott's puffy tumor (ROCM-PPT).

Methods: The records of nine patients with ROCM-PPT seen between March 2020 and December 2021 were analysed. Clinical features, radiology, histopathology, operative findings, management and outcome were noted.

A Comparative Study of Acute Invasive Fungal Sinusitis During the First and Second Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

We aimed to compare the demography, clinical profile, histopathology, fungal culture, radiology, surgery performed, medical therapy and outcomes of patients with acute invasive fungal sinusitis seen during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic by retrospectively reviewing their case records. Of 238 patients, 43(18.1%) presented during the first wave and 195(81.

Identification of antiviral phytochemicals from cranberry as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M).

Cranberry phytochemicals are known to possess antiviral activities. In the current study, we explored the therapeutic potential of cranberry against SARS-CoV-2 by targeting its main protease (M) enzyme. Firstly, phytochemicals of cranberry origin were identified from three independent databases.

A Clinicopathological Study with Risk-Stratified Staging of Pediatric Hepatoblastoma: A 5-Year Experience from a Tertiary Cancer Center.

Background & Objective: Hepatoblastoma encompasses 1% of pediatric malignancies and is the most common liver malignancy in children. Ninety percent of cases are younger than 5 years of age. Clinical and pathological risk stratification forms a crucial role in determining the treatment strategy.

Hydrocortisone metabolism by Staphylococcus: Effects on anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial action.

Hydrocortisone 21-hemisuccinate (HCHS) influenced the growth and metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus S. aureus metabolic activity was high and antibiotic susceptibility low at 1.4 mg/mL HCHS S.

Short intravenous amphotericin B followed by oral posaconazole using a simple, stratified treatment approach for diabetes or COVID-19-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of short-course intravenous amphotericin B followed by sustained release posaconazole tablets for diabetes or COVID-19-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis.

Methods: This prospective, pragmatic study included adults with diabetes or COVID-19-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. Patients received short (7-14 days) or long (15-28 days) intravenous antifungal therapy (short intravenous antifungal treatment [SHIFT] or long intravenous antifungal treatment [LIFT], respectively) depending on the presence or absence of brain involvement.

Women and Ischemic Stroke: Disparities and Outcomes.

Although men are at higher risk of stroke throughout most of their lifespan, the incidence of stroke in women climbs with age, increasing after menopause and rising sharply after 85 years. This, combined with women's longer life expectancy, results in most of the stroke deaths occurring in women. In addition to accounting for a larger proportion of strokes, women may also suffer a survival disadvantage, which may be due to several factors.

Association of Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay and Mediterranean Diets With Alzheimer Disease Pathology.

Background And Objectives: Diet may reduce Alzheimer dementia risk and slow cognitive decline, but the understanding of the relevant neuropathologic mechanisms remains limited. The association of dietary patterns with Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology has been suggested using neuroimaging biomarkers. This study examined the association of Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) and Mediterranean dietary patterns with β-amyloid load, phosphorylated tau tangles, and global AD pathology in postmortem brain tissue of older adults.

Revisiting Metaplastic Carcinoma of Breast: An Emphasis on the Clinico-pathological and Immunohistochemical Variables Analyzed at a Tertiary Cancer Centre in South India.

Background & Objective: Metaplastic carcinoma is a diverse variant of invasive breast carcinomas (IBC) characterized by dedifferentiation of malignant cells towards squamous and/or mesenchymal elements. It accounts for 0.3-1.

Revised workflow practices in the management of acute invasive fungal sinusitis during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Objective: To document changes in evaluation protocols for acute invasive fungal sinusitis during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, and to analyse concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnoses based on new practice guidelines.

Methods: Protocols for the evaluation of patients with suspected acute invasive fungal sinusitis both prior and during the coronavirus disease 2019 period are described. A retrospective analysis of patients presenting with suspected acute invasive fungal sinusitis from 1 May to 30 June 2021 was conducted, with assessment of the concordance between clinical and final diagnoses.

Lifestyle and Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors.

Background: Patients with stroke are at a higher risk of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease dementia.

Objective: To quantify the role of lifestyle pre-stroke, post-stroke, and changes in lifestyle before and after stroke with cognitive decline in community-dwelling stroke survivors.

Methods: Utilizing data from the Chicago Health and Aging Project, a population-based cohort study, we studied 1,078 individuals with stroke (662 incident and 416 prevalent) who underwent cognitive testing during the study period.

Clinicopathological predictors of repeated recurrence in sinonasal inverted papilloma.

Purpose: To evaluate association between clinical and pathological findings and repeated recurrence in sinonasal inverted papilloma.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital included all patients operated for inverted papilloma from January 2010 to December 2019. Patients were categorized as primary and recurrent cases.

Western diet associated with increased post-stroke depressive symptoms.

The present study examines the association of diet with depressive symptoms among stroke survivors from a community cohort of older adults. Depression is common after stroke. A healthy diet has previously been associated with fewer depressive symptoms in older individuals, but it is unknown if this effect is also seen in stroke survivors.

Pelargonidin and Berry Intake Association with Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology: A Community-Based Study.

Background: An anthocyanidin, pelargonidin, primarily found in berries, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and is associated with better cognition and reduced Alzheimer's dementia risk.

Objective: This study investigated if pelargonidin or berry intake is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology in human brains.

Methods: The study was conducted among 575 deceased participants (age at death = 91.

Metallic Nanoparticle Integrated Ternary Polymer Blend of PVA/Starch/Glycerol: A Promising Antimicrobial Food Packaging Material.

Advances in food processing and food packaging play a major role in keeping food safe, increasing the shelf life, and maintaining the food supply chain. Good packaging materials that enable the safe travel of food are often non-degradable and tend to persist in the environment, thereby posing a hazard. One alternative is to synthesize biodegradable polymers with an antimicrobial property while maintaining their mechanical and thermal properties.

Association between matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 gene polymorphism with basement membrane disruption in oral lichen planus: A case-control pilot study.

Objectives: This study investigated genetic polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) -2 and -9 in oral lichen planus (OLP) and their association with the basement membrane status.

Study Design: This case-control study involved genotyping of peripheral blood sample of 32 OLP patients and 106 ethnically matched controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that were assessed in the groups were- rs3918242, rs17576 and rs865094.

Characteristics of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps Based on Allergic Mucin and Fungal Elements in Patients Undergoing Revision Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

This study sought to document the features in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) patients undergoing revision endoscopic sinus surgery (RESS), based on presence or absence of allergic mucin (AM) and fungal elements (F). A retrospective chart review of RESS cases collected Lund Mackay score (LMS), endoscopic, microbiological, histopathological, surgical and follow-up data of these patients. Patients were categorised into AM + F +, AM + F-, AM-F + and AM-F- subgroups based on the presence or absence of AM and F.

Acute telestroke evaluations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

We sought to analyze the effect of COVID-19 on telestroke requests and to characterize patients remotely evaluated for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) during this time. This study is a retrospective database review of all telestroke requests at one academic vascular neurology center telestroke network with seven remote sites in the USA between March 15 and April 30, 2020. Data were compared with historical cohort spanning same time frame in 2019 using parametric or nonparametric methods as appropriate.

Acute Large Vessel Ischemic Stroke in Patients With COVID-19-Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.

Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is rare in children, and diagnosis is often delayed. Neurological involvement may occur in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), but very few cases of AIS in patients with MIS-C have been reported.

Patient Descriptions: We two patients with AIS presenting with large vessel occlusive disease in previously healthy adolescents recently exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection.