Laser Scanning Morphometric Measurements of the Main Orbital Communications in Dry Human Skulls.

Background And Objectives: This research investigated the morphometric dimensions of the optic foramen (OF), superior orbital fissure (SOF) and inferior orbital fissure (IOF), using indirect measurement techniques such as laser scanning, making it likely the first study of its kind. This study aimed to identify the morphometric variability of the main orbit communications and to highlight the differences between genders.

Materials And Methods: The anthropometric study was conducted on sixty dry skulls (120 orbits) of adults aged between 20 and 70 years.

Meibomian gland changes in breast cancer patients treated with docetaxel-partial results.

The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate that the narrowing and/ or atrophy of the Meibomian glands is the cause of the occurrence of hyperlacrimation in women who suffer from breast cancer and who have docetaxel in their treatment regimen. The study involved 10 patients diagnosed with breast cancer, who received docetaxel as treatment (study group), and 10 breast cancer patients receiving other chemotherapy treatment (control group). The study was a prospective, controlled and comparative.

Uncommon association between vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and ocular complications.

Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) represent a group of rare inherited disorders that affect connective tissues. There are 13 types of disease, most of them affecting joints or skin; symptoms usually include loose joints, joint pain, stretchy velvety skin, abnormal scar formation. However, the most serious type of disease is vascular EDS (vEDS), or EDS type 4 because patients may suffer vessels dissections or internal organs lesions, followed by bleeding, which endangers patient's life, but also thromboembolic events.

Serum Neurofilaments and OCT Metrics Predict EDSS-Plus Score Progression in Early Relapse-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

(1) Background: Early disability accrual in RRMS patients is frequent and is associated with worse long-term prognosis. Correctly identifying the patients that present a high risk of early disability progression is of utmost importance, and may be aided by the use of predictive biomarkers. (2) Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study that included newly diagnosed RRMS patients, with a minimum follow-up period of one year.

Biocompatible Materials for Orbital Wall Reconstruction-An Overview.

The reconstruction of an orbit after complex craniofacial fractures can be extremely demanding. For satisfactory functional and aesthetic results, it is necessary to restore the orbital walls and the craniofacial skeleton using various types of materials. The reconstruction materials can be divided into autografts (bone or cartilage tissue) or allografts (metals, ceramics, or plastic materials, and combinations of these materials).

Outcomes of Diabetic Retinopathy Post-Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Bariatric surgery is an emerging therapeutic approach for obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, with proven benefits for achieving target glucose control and even remission of diabetes. However, the effect of bariatric surgery upon diabetic retinopathy is still a subject of debate as some studies show a positive effect while others raise concerns about potential early worsening effects. We performed a systematic review, on PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases regarding the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy in obese T2DM patients who underwent weight-loss surgical procedures.

Update on Myopia Risk Factors and Microenvironmental Changes.

The focus of this update is to emphasize the recent advances in the pathogenesis and various molecular key approaches associated with myopia in order to reveal new potential therapeutic targets. We review the current evidence for its complex genetics and evaluate the known or candidate genes and loci. In addition, we discuss recent investigations regarding the role of environmental factors.

The effects of prostaglandins and endocannabinoids on iris arterial vascularization in Wistar rats - Experimental analysis.

The iris vascular supply originates in the anterior and long posterior ciliary arteries. The endothelium influences local blood flow by releasing endothelium relaxing and contracting substances. From a functional perspective, the ocular vascular tonus adjustment is humoral and neural dependent.

Endocannabinoid System and Ocular Vascularization.

The focus of this review is the role of endocannabinoid system in ocular and systemic circulation. By critically examining preclinical and clinical research, we explore the cannabinoid receptors localization and vascular implications as well as their interaction with other anti-inflammatory drugs. The objective is to transfer knowledge on the use of cannabinoids, specifically their effect on ocular circulation and intraocular pressure, and provide a better understanding of the endocannabinoid system complexity in modulating local and systemic circulations in order to identify potential uses and limitations of cannabinoid-based therapeutics.

Using Blood and Plasma MicroRNAs as a Non-Invasive Biomarker in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.

Background: A high percentage of oncological patients die yearly because of colorectal cancer (CRC). Worldwide, CRC represents the fourth leading cause of death among oncological patients. Numerous studies have been conducted in order to identify new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of patients with CRC.

Necrotizing retinitis of multifactorial etiology.

We present the case of a 73-year-old woman with osteoporosis, who presented to the emergency room with a sudden vision loss and ocular pain in the right eye, which appeared two days before. The patient mentioned loss of appetite, weight loss for three months and low fever for two weeks. Among the ophthalmological findings, the most important were panuveitis, and large confluent necrotic areas in the peripheral retina.

Topical administration of Metamizole and its implications on vascular reactivity in Wistar rats- Experimental research.

The aim of this paper was to describe the possible implications of topical (ocular) administration of Metamizole on vascular reactivity of the iris in Wistar rats. No other study regarding its topical use was found. Male adult Wistar rats were anaesthetized with Ketamine 100 mg /kg body weight - injected intraperitoneally - while maintaining spontaneous respiration and the blink reflex.

ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL AND IMAGISTIC STRUCTURAL PROGRESSION IN GLAUCOMA.

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy, characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells and retinal nerve fiber layer as well as visual field loss. Therefore, in glaucoma, the correlation between structure and function is important, since it can be useful for tracking glaucomatous changes and for following the progression of the disease.

Relation of retinal blood flow and retinal oxygen extraction during stimulation with diffuse luminance flicker.

Cerebral and retinal blood flow are dependent on local neuronal activity. Several studies quantified the increase in cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption during activity. In the present study we investigated the relation between changes in retinal blood flow and oxygen extraction during stimulation with diffuse luminance flicker and the influence of breathing gas mixtures with different fractions of O2 (FiO2; 100% 15% and 12%).

FIGHTING MULTIPLE DRUG RESISTANCE: EFFECTS OF UV-ACTIVATED CHLORPROMAZINE ON RABBIT'S EYE PSEUDOTUMOURS.

Introduction: Multiple drug resistance requires a flexible approach to find medicines able to overcome it. One method could be the exposure of existing medicines to UV laser beams to generate active photoproducts against bacteria and/or malignant tumors.

Methods: The interaction of Chlorpromazine (CPZ) (irradiated with 266 nm pulsed laser beams) was studied at concentrations of 10 mg/ml and 20 mg/ ml in ultrapure water, with pseudotumors of rabbits eyes.

Role of nitric oxide in optic nerve head blood flow regulation during an experimental increase in intraocular pressure in healthy humans.

The present study set out to investigate whether nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator, is involved in the regulatory processes in optic nerve head blood flow during an experimental increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). The study was conducted in a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, three way cross-over design. 12 healthy subjects were scheduled to receive either L-NMMA (an unspecific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), phenylephrine (an α-adrenoceptor agonist) or placebo on three different study days.

[Different significance in normal subjects and in glaucoma patients tested with Optopol PTS-910, in the galucoma program].

Purpose: to quantify the inter-test variability (dB) for the Optopol PTS automated perimeter, Glaucoma Fast threshold program.

Materials And Method: A prospective study was performed on 166 glaucomatous patients and a control group of 30 normal subjects, tested by complete ophthalmological exam and automated perimetry (Optopol PTS-910). The visual field was tested weekly for 4 consecutive weeks.

Calculation of central retinal artery diameters from non-invasive ocular haemodynamic measurements in type 1 diabetes patients.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the diameter of the central retinal artery (CRA) between patients with diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects in vivo. CRA diameters were calculated from retinal haemodynamic parameters measured with noninvasive measurement techniques.

Methods: Sixteen patients with type 1 diabetes with no or mild diabetic retinopathy and 16 age-matched healthy controls were included in this study.

Reproducibility of retinal vessel oxygen saturation measurements in healthy young subjects.

Purpose: An adequate oxygenation and perfusion is essential for the function of the inner retina. Recently, several techniques for the measurement of retinal oxygen saturation became available. We set out to evaluate reproducibility of the measurements using a modified Retinal Vessel Analyzer.