Publications by authors named "Cheon M"

Epigenetic clocks have been developed to track both chronological age and biological age, which is defined by physiological biomarkers and the risk of adverse health outcomes. Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) has been found to predict various diseases, aging-related factors, and mortality. However, epigenetic clocks have predominantly been developed with individuals of European or Hispanic ancestry, and their association with health outcomes and environmental factors has not been sufficiently assessed in East Asian populations.

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  • Polygenic risk scores (PRS) and rare genetic variant screening are crucial for predicting cancer risk, but integrating these two for accurate assessments is challenging.
  • A study analyzed a large dataset focusing on breast and prostate cancers and introduced an Expanded PRS (EPRS) approach, which allows for better risk evaluation by linking both common and rare genetic variants.
  • The findings indicate that individuals with high PRS and rare, high-impact variants face significantly higher cancer risks, suggesting that this EPRS method could improve risk stratification and may be useful for other cancer types in future research.
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  • Understanding the interplay of genes over time is crucial for diagnosing and treating diseases, as it reveals the underlying regulatory mechanisms of biological processes.* -
  • Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are used to enhance biological data, helping to uncover hidden gene expression profiles during specific processes, which can lead to identifying key regulatory genes.* -
  • In a study of cocaine addiction using mice, two genes (Alcam and Celf4) were identified as significant intermediates correlated with addiction behavior, demonstrating the effectiveness of combining GAN-WGCNA analysis with time-series gene expression data.*
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  • - The study investigated if a shorter, high-dose rifampicin treatment for tuberculosis is as effective as the standard 6-month regimen.
  • - A total of 76 participants were enrolled, but the results showed a higher percentage of unfavorable outcomes in the investigational group compared to the control group, indicating the shorter regimen was not non-inferior.
  • - Despite failing to prove non-inferiority, the shorter regimen did have a similar safety profile compared to the standard treatment.
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  • The first mirror in fusion plasmas reflects light to the diagnostic system and is made from silicon carbide (SiC) for its strength and radiation resistance.
  • A device was developed to measure the reflectivity of the SiC mirror at specific angles using a hollow cathode lamp and a dedicated VUV spectrometer.
  • Experimental results showed that the reflectivity values of SiC were influenced by both the oxidation layer on the surface and the incidence angle of the VUV light.
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Background: The prevalence of hepatitis B in the Republic of Korea has declined, yet the disease burden persists. After various changes in targets and methods, the national hepatitis B surveillance system now exclusively monitors acute cases. We aimed to assess the alignment of this system with its intended purpose and to recommend improvements supporting the national strategic plan for viral hepatitis management.

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A generative adversarial network (GAN) is a generative model that consists of two adversarial networks, a discriminator and a generator, usually in the form of neural networks. One of the useful things about applying GANs is that they can synthesize two states to produce an intermediate output that implies a semantic feature. When applied to omics data that determine phenotypes of a disease, GANs can be used to associate these intermediate outputs with the progression of the disease.

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The primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor arising from the smooth muscle cells in the hepatic vessels, bile ducts, and ligamentum teres. It is considered a subtype of hepatic sarcomas. We report awkward F-FDG PET-CT findings of a primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma masquerading as a benign hepatic tumor, which were confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations in a 78-year-old woman.

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In 2D noble metals like copper, the carrier scattering at grain boundaries has obscured the intrinsic nature of electronic transport. However, it is demonstrated that the intrinsic nature of transport by hole carriers in 2D copper can be revealed by growing thin films without grain boundaries. As even a slight deviation from the twin boundary is perceived as grain boundaries by electrons, it is only through the thorough elimination of grain boundaries that the hidden hole-like attribute of 2D single-crystal copper can be unmasked.

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Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of PET/CT radiomics to predict overall survival (OS) in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods: We enrolled 627 patients with resectable PDAC who underwent preoperative 18 F-FDG PET/CT and subsequent curative surgery. Radiomics analysis of the PET/CT images for the primary tumor was performed using the Chang-Gung Image Texture Analysis toolbox.

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In recent years, the utility of polygenic risk scores (PRS) in forecasting disease susceptibility from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) results has been widely recognised. Yet, these models face limitations due to overfitting and the potential overestimation of effect sizes in correlated variants. To surmount these obstacles, we devised the Stacked Neural Network Polygenic Risk Score (SNPRS).

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Tauopathies exhibit a characteristic accumulation of misfolded tau aggregates in the brain. Tau pathology shows disease-specific spatiotemporal propagation through intercellular transmission, which is closely correlated with the progression of clinical manifestations. Therefore, identifying molecular mechanisms that prevent tau propagation is critical for developing therapeutic strategies for tauopathies.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of fermented cabbage extract (FC) containing nitric oxide metabolites with silica (FCS) on 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) in BALB/c mice. Atopic dermatitis-like allergic contact dermatitis was induced by DNFB challenge in the ear after DNFB sensitization on the dorsal skin of mice. FCS alleviated the severity of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions.

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  • * A patient with colon cancer was mistakenly thought to have metastatic lesions, but was later diagnosed with lung and liver toxocariasis using a positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  • * Healthcare providers should be aware of toxocariasis as a possible cause for these lesions in cancer patients to avoid misdiagnosis.
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Brain-like artificial intelligence in electronics can be built efficiently by understanding the connectivity of neuronal circuitry. The concept of neural connectivity inference with a two-dimensional cross-bar structure memristor array is indicated in recent studies; however, large-scale implementation is challenging owing to device variations and the requirement of online parameter adaptation. This study proposes a neural connectivity inference method with one-dimensional spiking neurons using spike timing-dependent plasticity and presynaptic spike-driven spike timing-dependent plasticity learning rules, designed for a large-scale neuromorphic system.

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Background And Objective: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) have substantially evolved, aiding healthcare professionals in informed patient care decision-making. The integration of AI, encompassing machine learning and natural language processing, has notably enhanced the capabilities of CDSS. However, a significant challenge remains in addressing data imbalance and the black box nature of AI algorithms, particularly for rare diseases or underrepresented demographic groups.

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We evaluated the predictive value of dynamic blood flow scintigraphy with Tc-HDP (hydroxymethylene diphosphonate) for therapeutic response in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). Eighty patients who underwent dynamic blood flow scintigraphy using the one-hand chilling method were enrolled. We analyzed the quantitative variables as the ratio of chilled fingers to ambient fingers (CA), that of the chilled hand to ambient hand (CA), and that of chilled fingers to ambient palm (FPR) (CA) at 15 and 30 s after Tc-HDP bolus injection.

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Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have been studied for predicting human diseases, and various methods for PRS calculation have been developed. Most PRS studies to date have focused on European ancestry, and the performance of PRS has not been sufficiently assessed in East Asia. Herein, we evaluated the predictive performance of PRSs for East Asian populations under various conditions.

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Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an extremely rare and aggressive malignant neoplasm of hematopoietic origin that shows morphologic and immunophenotypic evidence of histiocytic differentiation. In approximately 25% of the cases, presumed transdifferentiation of a preexisting hematolymphoid disorder can be demonstrated. Various extranodal sites, particularly the gastrointestinal tract, soft tissue, skin, and spleen, can be involved.

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We demonstrate the design strategy of free-standing Au nanocatalysts by correlating their physicochemical characteristics with photocatalytic performance. By tailoring the particle size and surface characteristics, we found that small Au nanocatalysts called Au nanoclusters with discrete energy levels are more effective than large metallic Au nanoparticles, while the microenvironments (, charge status and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity) around the surface of Au-nanoclusters are crucial in determining the performance. With the optimized Au nanocatalyst, under visible light, decarboxylative radical addition reactions for C-C bond formation (, Giese reaction) were first achieved with high yields and further utilized for the preparation of one of the bioactive γ-aminobutyric acid derivatives, pregabalin (Lyrica®), demonstrating its potential in pharmaceutical applications.

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Copper surfaces that exhibit a wide range of achromatic colors while still metallic have not been studied, despite advancements in antireflection coatings. A series of achromatic copper films grown with [111] preferred orientation by depositing 3D porous nanostructures is introduced via coherent/incoherent atomic sputtering epitaxy. The porous copper nanostructures self-regulate the giant oxidation resistance by constructing a curved surface that generates a series of monoatomic steps, followed by shrinkage of the lattice spacing of one or two surface layers.

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  • SHLP2 is a mitochondrial peptide linked to aging and oxidative stress, but its role in energy balance and receptor remains unspecified.
  • Administering SHLP2 to mice on a high-fat diet reduces obesity and enhances insulin sensitivity by activating POMC neurons in the hypothalamus, which helps control food intake and increase thermogenesis.
  • The study identifies CXCR7 as the receptor for SHLP2, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for metabolic disorders and providing insights into its functioning in energy regulation.
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Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (basal cell nevus syndromes) is an uncommon, autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by developing basal cell carcinomas from a young age. Other distinct clinical features include keratocystic odontogenic tumors, dyskeratotic palmar and plantar pitting, and skeletal abnormalities. Clinicopathological findings of the syndrome are very diverse, and many symptoms manifest during a certain period of life.

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We describe a 40-year-old female patient who presented with sleep disturbance, intermittent headache, and gradual subjective cognitive decline. F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) showed mild FDG hypometabolism in bilateral parietal and temporal lobes. However, F-florbetaben (FBB) amyloid PET revealed diffuse amyloid retention in the lateral temporal cortex, frontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, parietal cortex, and cerebellum.

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