Synergistic Antitumor Effects of Combined Treatment with HSP90 Inhibitor and PI3K/mTOR Dual Inhibitor in Cisplatin-Resistant Human Bladder Cancer Cells.

Purpose: The current study aimed to investigate the synergistic antitumor effect of combined treatment with 17-DMAG (HSP90 inhibitor) and NVP-BEZ235 (PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor) on cisplatin-resistant human bladder cancer cells.

Materials And Methods: Human bladder cancer cells exhibiting cisplatin resistance (T24R2) were exposed to escalating doses of 17-DMAG (2.5-20 nM) with or without NVP-BEZ236 (0.

Effect of Early Sacral Neuromodulation on Bladder Function in a Rat Model of Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Due to Focal Contusion.

Objectives: Incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) accounts for two-thirds of all SCIs in clinical practice. Preclinical research on the effect of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) on bladder function, however, has been focused only on animal models of complete SCI. We aimed to evaluate the effect of early SNM on bladder responses in a rat model of incomplete SCI.

Intermediate PSA half-life after neoadjuvant hormone therapy predicts reduced risk of castration-resistant prostate cancer development after radical prostatectomy.

Background: The magnitude and rapidity of the tumor response to androgen deprivation is known to predict the durability of the therapy. We have investigated the predictive value of categorizing patients by the half-life of PSA under neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy in patients with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

Methods: Medical records of 317 patients who received neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy before radical prostatectomy and developed biochemical recurrence were analyzed.

Impact of lymphovascular invasion on lymph node metastasis for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy with negative resection margin.

Background: The association between lymphovascular invasion and lymphatic or hematogenous metastasis has been suspected, with conflicting evidence. We have investigated the association between the risk of biochemical recurrence and lymphovascular invasion in resection margin negative patients, as well as its association with lymph node metastasis.

Methods: One thousand six hundred thirty four patients who underwent radical prostatectomy from 2005 to 2014 were selected.

The prognostic significance of postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer.

Background: The pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has prognostic value after radical prostatectomy for treating localized prostate cancer. However, the use of postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has not been evaluated in this population. We investigated the prognostic significance of early postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.

Prognostic Significance of the Proportion of Ductal Component in Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate.

Purpose: In prostate cancer ductal adenocarcinoma is mixed with the usual acinar adenocarcinoma. However, to our knowledge whether the proportion of the ductal component affects oncologic outcomes is currently unknown. We investigated whether the proportion of the ductal component predicts oncologic outcomes in ductal adenocarcinoma.

Prognostic Significance of Vas Deferens Invasion After Radical Prostatectomy in Patients with Pathological Stage T3b Prostate Cancer.

Background: Seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Despite its anatomical similarity and close proximity to the seminal vesicle, the prognostic significance of vas deferens invasion (VDI) by PCa has not been elucidated. For these reasons, we investigated the impact of VDI on the oncological outcome of pT3b PCa in association with SVI.

Effect of Preoperative Risk Group Stratification on Oncologic Outcomes of Patients with Adverse Pathologic Findings at Radical Prostatectomy.

Background: Current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend postoperative radiation therapy based only on adverse pathologic findings (APFs), irrespective of preoperative risk group. We assessed whether a model incorporating both the preoperative risk group and APFs could predict long-term oncologic outcomes better than a model based on APFs alone.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 4,404 men who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) at our institution between 1992 and 2014.

Association of Anterior and Lateral Extraprostatic Extensions with Base-Positive Resection Margins in Prostate Cancer.

Introduction: Positive surgical margins (PSM) detected in the radical prostatectomy specimen increase the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR). Still, with formidable number of patients never experiencing BCR in their life, the reason for this inconsistency has been attributed to the artifacts and to the spontaneous regression of micrometastatic site. To investigate the origin of margin positive cancers, we have looked into the influence of extraprostatic extension location on the resection margin positive site and its implications on BCR risk.

Computed Tomography-Based Novel Prediction Model for the Outcome of Shockwave Lithotripsy in Proximal Ureteral Stones.

Introduction And Objectives: Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most commonly used diagnostic modalities for urinary stone disease. In this study we developed a CT and clinical parameter-based prediction model for shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) outcome in proximal ureteral stones.

Materials And Methods: Data from 223 patients with single proximal ureteral stones treated with SWL between January 2009 and January 2015 were reviewed retrospectively.

Wunderlich syndrome as the first manifestation of an extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma.

We recently encountered an extremely rare case of spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage in a 34-year-old man. He initially had undergone radical nephrectomy owing to suspicion of renal cell carcinoma. The final diagnosis was extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma.

EphA2 Is a Potential Player of Malignant Cellular Behavior in Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells but Not in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells.

Objectives: To investigate the role of EphA2 in malignant cellular behavior in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells and whether FAK/RhoA signaling can act as downstream effectors of EphA2 on RCC cells.

Methods: Expression of EphA2 protein in non-metastatic RCC (Caki-2 and A498), metastatic RCC cells (Caki-1 and ACHN), HEK-293 cells and prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and DU-145; positive controls of EphA2 expression) was evaluated by Western blot. Changes in mRNA or protein expression of EphA2, FAK or membrane-bound RhoA following EphA2, FAK or RhoA small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or Western blot.

Transurethral resection of fibrotic scar tissue combined with temporary urethral stent placement for patients with in anterior urethral stricture.

Introduction: Fibrotic scar formation is a main cause of recurrent urethral stricture after initial management with direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU). In the present study, we devised a new technique of combined the transurethral resection of fibrotic scar tissue and temporary urethral stenting, using a thermo-expandable urethral stent (Memokath(TM) 044TW) in patients with anterior urethral stricture.

Materials And Methods: As a first step, multiple incisions were made around stricture site with cold-utting knife and Collins knife electrode to release a stricture band.

The prescribing and dispensing of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in South Korea: a questionnaire survey of patient discomfort.

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the discomfort reported by patients taking phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) in clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: From September 2011 to March 2012, we surveyed patients who were prescribed PDE5Is for erectile dysfunction (ED). The questionnaire elicited information concerning: patient characteristics, medication counseling received and inconveniences experienced in hospitals and at pharmacies, effects of PDE5Is, and the separation of the prescribing and the dispensing of PDE5Is.

Synergistic antitumor effect of NVP-BEZ235 and sunitinib on docetaxel-resistant human castration-resistant prostate cancer cells.

According to recent studies, mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) can be used as combinational agents to enhance the antitumor effect or overcome resistance to one of the agents. In the present study, we investigated the synergistic interaction between NVP-BEZ235, a PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/mTOR dual inhibitor, and sunitinib, a TKI, in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells with docetaxel resistance. Prostate cancer cells with different sensitivities to hormones and docetaxel levels were exposed to escalating doses of NVP-BEZ235 alone and in combination with sunitinib.

Comparative analysis between thoracic spinal cord and sacral neuromodulation in a rat spinal cord injury model: a preliminary report of a rat spinal cord stimulation model.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare a neuroprotective effect of thoracic cord neuromodulation to that of sacral nerve neuromodulation in rat thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) model.

Methods: Twenty female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the normal control group (n=5), SCI with sham stimulation group (SCI, n=5), SCI with electrical stimulation at thoracic spinal cord (SCI + TES, n=5), and SCI with electrical stimulation at sacral nerve (SCI + SES, n=5). Spinal cord was injured by an impactor which dropped from 25mm height.

Female urethral condyloma causing bladder outlet obstruction.

In women, urethral condyloma rarely leads to a bladder outlet obstruction. A 39-year-old woman who presented with frequency, urgency, and residual urine sensation was found to have a condyloma in her urethral meatus. Urodynamic study indicated bladder outlet obstruction.

Can treatment of nocturia increase testosterone level in men with late onset hypogonadism?

Objective: To assess the effect of desmopressin on serum testosterone level in men with nocturia and late onset hypogonadism.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled men with nocturia and symptoms of late onset hypogonadism. Desmopressin (0.

Testicular tumor detected within 1 year after orchiopexy in a 2-year-old boy.

The cause of testicular cancer remains controversial and thought to be multifactorial. However, more recent data show that carcinogenic potential of altered testicular environment might induce cancer and that early surgical correction might decrease the chance of cancer development. We report a case of a 20-month-old boy who underwent radical orchiectomy because of testicular cancer detected 9 months after orchiopexy of undescended testis.

Nocturnal polyuria and decreased serum testosterone: is there an association in men with lower urinary tract symptoms?

Objectives: To investigate the putative association between nocturia and decreased serum testosterone in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.

Methods: Frequency volume charts and serum testosterone levels of patients visiting the outpatient clinic for lower urinary tract symptoms were collected and analyzed. Age, prostate volume, body mass index and the presence of comorbidities were accounted for.

Computed tomography-based novel prediction model for the stone-free rate of ureteroscopic lithotripsy.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether computed tomography (CT) parameters can predict the success of ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) and establish a model for predicting the success rates of a single URSL procedure for the treatment of a single ureteral stone. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 237 patients who underwent URSL for ureteral stones diagnosed by CT between January 2009 and June 2012. Stone-free status was defined as the absence of stones or residual stone fragments <2 mm by ureteroscopy and plain abdominal radiography.

Prostate-specific antigen mass and free prostate-specific antigen mass for predicting the prostate volume of korean men with biopsy-proven benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Purpose: It has been reported that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) correlates with prostate volume. Recently, some studies have reported that PSA mass (PSA adjusted for plasma volume) is more accurate than PSA at predicting prostate volume. In this study, we analyzed the accuracy of PSA and the related parameters of PSA mass, free PSA (fPSA), and fPSA mass in predicting prostate volume.

The reliability of VCUG performed within 24 hours after injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid in patients with vesico-ureteral reflux.

Objective: To assess the reliability and negative predictive value of voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) performed within 24 hours postoperatively.

Methods: Forty patients (56 ureters) who underwent first injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid (Dx/HA) because of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) were enrolled. Patients with previous reflux operation or neurogenic disorders were excluded.