Chlorpropham, a carbamate ester herbicide, has an endocrine-disrupting potential by inhibiting the homodimerization of human androgen receptor.

This study was carried out to provide the evidence with respect to the adverse potential of chlorpropham, a representative carbamate ester herbicide product, on the endocrine system by using in vitro testing methods in accordance with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Test Guideline No. 458 (22Rv1/MMTV_GR-KO human androgen receptor [AR] transcriptional activation assay) and a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based AR homodimerization assay. Results revealed that chlorpropham had no AR agonistic effects, but it was determined to be a true AR antagonist without intrinsic toxicity against the applied cell lines.

Effects of vitamin D-fortified shiitake mushroom on bioavailability and bone structure.

Bioavailability and bone loss inhibitory effects of vitamin D derived from UV-irradiated shiitake mushroom were determined in vivo. The effect of the absence of ovaries on the bioavailability of vitamin D and bone structure was also investigated. Sham operated (sham) and ovariectomized (OVX) rats were divided in 3 groups according to their diets, i.

Optimization of UV irradiation conditions for the vitamin D-fortified shiitake mushroom () using response surface methodology.

The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal conditions to process vitamin D-fortified shiitake mushrooms through UV irradiation for industrial processing. Response surface methodology was used to identify the optimum conditions of the following highly influential factors on vitamin D synthesis: temperature, UV dosage, and moisture content. The optimal conditions of those variables were 40.

Highly Time-Resolved Metabolic Reprogramming toward Differential Levels of Phosphate in .

Understanding phosphorus metabolism in photosynthetic organisms is important as it is closely associated with enhanced crop productivity and pollution management for natural ecosystems (, algal blooming). Accordingly, we exploited highly time-resolved metabolic responses to different levels of phosphate deprivation in , a photosynthetic model organism. We conducted non-targeted primary metabolite profiling using gas-chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis.