Uncovering the chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulatory network governing cold stress responses in fish immune cells.

Temperature fluctuations challenge ectothermic species, particularly tropical fish dependent on external temperatures for physiological regulation. However, the molecular mechanisms through which low-temperature stress impacts immune responses in these species, especially in relation to chromatin accessibility and epigenetic regulation, remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate chromatin and transcriptional changes in the head kidney and thymus tissues of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), a tropical fish of significant economic importance, under cold stress.

Constructing Accessible Closed Nanopores in Coal-Derived Hard Carbon for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Hard carbon (HC) materials are suitable anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) but still suffer from insufficient initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Promoting sodium storage via the pore filling mechanism is an effective way to improve the ICE, and the key here is regulating the pore structures of HC. In this work, coal-derived HC is successfully engineered with abundant accessible closed nanopores by treating the coal precursors with a facile destructive oxidation strategy.

Ag nanoparticles induced abundant Cu sites in CuSe nanoflower rods to promote efficient carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethanol.

Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (eCORR) is one of the attractive approaches to CO utilization. Nevertheless, it remains a challenge to prepare highly efficient and selective electrocatalysts to realize deep conversion of multi-carbon products. The absence of active sites due to the reconfiguration of copper-based catalysts leads to migration deactivation during catalysis, rendering low catalytic efficiency.

Covalently Linking Reduced Graphene Oxide Facilitated Electrodeposition of MoS on Silicon Pyramidal Photocathode To Enhance Hydrogen Evolution.

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production owing to the utilization of sustainable solar energy and its promising performance. Silicon-based composites are generally considered ideal materials for PEC hydrogen production. However, slow reaction kinetics and poor stability are still key factors hindering the development of silicon-based photoelectrocatalysts.

Fetal agenesis of the corpus callosum: Clinical and genetic analysis in a series of 40 patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the genetic causes of agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) and assess the utility of karyotype analysis, copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq), and whole-exome sequencing (WES) to genetically diagnose fetal ACC.

Methods: We retrospectively examined 40 fetuses diagnosed with ACC who underwent prenatal ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging between January 2019 and October 2023. Genetic tests were conducted on the fetuses using karyotype analysis or CNV-seq as the first-line diagnosis.

Halloysite-derived mesoporous silica with high ionic conductivity improves Li-S battery performance.

The slow Li transport rate in the thick sulfur cathode of the Li-S battery affects its capacity and cycling performance. Herein, Fe-doped highly ordered mesoporous silica material (Fe-HSBA-15) as a sulfur carrier of the Li-S battery shows high ion conductivity (1.10 mS cm) and Li transference number (0.

Development and validation of a three-dimensional deep learning-based system for assessing bowel preparation on colonoscopy video.

Background: The performance of existing image-based training models in evaluating bowel preparation on colonoscopy videos was relatively low, and only a few models used external data to prove their generalization. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a more precise and stable AI system for assessing bowel preparation of colonoscopy video.

Methods: We proposed a system named ViENDO to assess the bowel preparation quality, including two CNNs.

Design of a Subretinal Injection Robot Based on the RCM Mechanism.

This study presents an investigation focusing on the advancement of a robot designed for subretinal injections in the context of macular degeneration treatment. The technique of subretinal injection surgery stands as the most efficacious approach for the successful transplantation of stem cells into the retinal pigment epithelium layer. This particular procedure holds immense significance in advancing research and implementing therapeutic strategies involving retinal stem cell transplantation.

Contour similarity and its implication on inverse prostate SBRT treatment planning.

Purpose: Success of auto-segmentation is measured by the similarity between auto and manual contours that is often quantified by Dice coefficient (DC). The dosimetric impact of contour variability on inverse planning has been rarely reported. The main aim of this study is to investigate whether automatically generated organs-at-risk (OARs) could be used in inverse prostate stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) planning and whether the dosimetric parameters are still clinically acceptable after radiation oncologists modify the OARs.

Perceptual scale expansion: A natural design for improving the precision of motor control.

Space perception is systematically biased. Few theories of spatial bias address the possible functional advantages of mechanisms that produce spatial biases. The scale expansion hypothesis proposes that many spatial biases are due to the perceptual expansion of visual angles, which acts somewhat like a natural magnifying glass in vision.

Social Avoidance and Social Adjustment: The Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation and Emotion Lability/Negativity Among Chinese Preschool Children.

The present study explored the role of emotion regulation and emotion lability/negativity as a moderator in the relation between child social avoidance and social adjustment (i.e., interpersonal skills, asocial behavior, peer exclusion) in Chinese culture.

A waste newspaper/multi-walled carbon nanotube/TiO interlayer for improving the cycling stability of lithium-sulfur batteries by anchoring polysulfides.

Owing to the high theoretical specific capacity and energy density, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered an ideal candidate for next-generation rechargeable batteries. Whereas, the shuttle effect of polysulfides limits the utilization of active materials, reducing the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries. Herein, by directly using waste newspapers as a substrate, a waste newspaper/multi-walled carbon nanotube/TiO2 (NMT) interlayer has been prepared for stable Li-S batteries.

Memories of motor adaptation do not necessarily decay with behavioral unlearning.

Motor adaptation reshapes behaviors to habituate novel predictable demands caused by dramatic changes in our body (or environment). In the absence of error signals, behaviors rapidly return to the manner before adaptation. It is still in debate whether this behavioral unlearning is due to memory decay.

Which Dose Specification Should Be Used for NRG Radiation Therapy Trials: Dose-to-Medium or Dose-to-Water?

Purpose: To compare the doses calculated by the Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA), Acuros dose-to-medium, and Acuros dose-to-water for the patients with lung cancer treated at our institution and show that further investigation and clarification are needed about what dose specifications should be used for NRG clinical trials.

Methods And Materials: Twenty-one patients with lung cancer who previously received intensity modulated radiation therapy or volumetric modulated arc therapy-based treatments at our institution were analyzed by recalculating their plans for each one with the AAA algorithm (reviewed and approved by our radiation oncologists) and with both reporting modes of the Acuros algorithm. All plans used the same monitor units as the original approved plan and a 2.

Carrier Transport and Molecular Displacement Modulated dc Electrical Breakdown of Polypropylene Nanocomposites.

Dielectric energy storage capacitors have advantages such as ultra-high power density, extremely fast charge and discharge speed, long service lifespan and are significant for pulsed power system, smart power grid, and power electronics. Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most widely used dielectric materials for dielectric energy storage capacitors. It is of interest to investigate how to improve its electrical breakdown strength by nanodoping and the influencing mechanism of nanodoping on the electrical breakdown properties of polymer nanocomposites.

Thickness-Dependent DC Electrical Breakdown of Polyimide Modulated by Charge Transport and Molecular Displacement.

Polyimide has excellent electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties and is widely used as a dielectric material in electrical equipment and electronic devices. However, the influencing mechanism of sample thickness on electrical breakdown of polyimide has not been very clear until now. The direct current (DC) electrical breakdown properties of polyimide as a function of thickness were investigated by experiments and simulations of space charge modulated electrical breakdown (SCEB) model and charge transport and molecular displacement modulated (CTMD) model.

Correlation between real-time intraoperative and postoperative dosimetry and its implications on intraoperative planning.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to study the correlation between intraoperative and postimplant dosimetry. We investigated the correlation between prostate (V) and urethra (D, D) dose limits, and whether it is possible to increase prostate D and V in intraoperative planning without violating postimplant urethra and rectum dose limits.

Methods And Materials: Seventy-nine patients who underwent real-time ultrasound-guided prostate implants using intraoperative planning from 2013 to 2017 were analyzed.

Characteristics of wooden intraocular foreign body by magnetic resonance imaging in rabbits.

Objective: Intraocular foreign body (IOFB), a frequent cause of ocular trauma, causes serious damage to the eyes. This study was designed to elaborate and compare the characteristics of different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences in detecting wooden IOFBs in rabbits.

Methods: The right vitreous of 24 healthy rabbits was randomly implanted with diverse wooden foreign bodies (diameter φ = 0.

The thalamo-cortical resting state functional connectivity and abstinence-induced craving in young smokers.

Craving is a significant predicator of smoking relapse. Thus, revealing the neural correlates of craving to smoke in young smokers is important to improve the success of quit attempts. The abstinence-induced craving to smoke has not been explored extensively, although previous studies had investigated the neural substrates of cue-induced craving.

Dielectric and Carrier Transport Properties of Silicone Rubber Degraded by Gamma Irradiation.

Silicone rubber (SiR) is used as an insulating material for cables installed in a nuclear power plant. Gamma rays irradiated SiR sheets for various periods at temperatures of 145 and 185 °C, and the resultant changes were analyzed by examining complex permittivity spectra and surface potential decay characteristics. Three different processes, namely, instantaneous polarization, electrode polarization due to the accumulation of ions to form double charge layers at dielectric/electrode interfaces, and DC conduction caused by directional hopping of ions, contribute to the complex permittivity.

Clinical implementation and evaluation of the Acuros dose calculation algorithm.

Purpose: The main aim of this study is to validate the Acuros XB dose calculation algorithm for a Varian Clinac iX linac in our clinics, and subsequently compare it with the wildely used AAA algorithm.

Methods And Materials: The source models for both Acuros XB and AAA were configured by importing the same measured beam data into Eclipse treatment planning system. Both algorithms were validated by comparing calculated dose with measured dose on a homogeneous water phantom for field sizes ranging from 6 cm × 6 cm to 40 cm × 40 cm.

Using High-Resolution 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Quantitatively Analyze the Shape of Eyeballs with High Myopia and Provide Assistance for Posterior Scleral Reinforcement.

Purpose: To quantitatively analyze the shape of eyes with high myopia and provide assistance for posterior scleral reinforcement (PSR) using high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Method: In all, 260 eyes of 134 patients with high myopia were assessed in this study; 120 emmetropic volunteers were enrolled as a control group. The subjects were examined using 3D T2-weighted CUBE sequences.

Single-walled carbon nanotube-loaded doxorubicin and Gd-DTPA for targeted drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging.

An aspargine-glycine-arginine (NGR) peptide modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) system, developed by a simple non-covalent approach, could be loaded with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). This DOX- and Gd-DTPA-loaded NGR functionalized SWCNTs (DOX/NGR-SWCNTs/Gd-DPTA) retained both cytotoxicity of DOX and MRI contrast effect of Gd-DPTA. This drug delivery system showed excellent stability in physiological solutions.

Estimation of three-dimensional intrinsic dosimetric uncertainties resulting from using deformable image registration for dose mapping.

Purpose: This article presents a general procedural framework to assess the point-by-point precision in mapped dose associated with the intrinsic uncertainty of a deformable image registration (DIR) for any arbitrary patient.

Methods: Dose uncertainty is obtained via a three-step process. In the first step, for each voxel in an imaging pair, a cluster of points is obtained by an iterative DIR procedure.