Sepsis-associated liver injury: Mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.

In this editorial, we examined a recent article in the that focused on sepsis-associated liver injury (SLI) and its treatment. SLI is a serious complication of sepsis, primarily caused by microcirculatory disturbances, the gut-liver axis, and inflammatory responses. Specific treatment recommendations for SLI are lacking.

Upregulated PrP by HBx enhances NF-κB signal via liquid-liquid phase separation to advance liver cancer.

Cellular prion protein (PrP) has been implicated in carcinogenic through the activation of various signal pathways, however, the precise mechanisms remain elusive. In vitro studies have shown that PrP is prone to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). However, it remains unknown whether PrP contributes to LLPS-inducing cancer development.

Precision Nutrition Management in Continuous Care: Leveraging AI for User-Reported Dietary Data Analysis.

A As health technology advances, this study aims to develop an innovative nutritional intake management system that integrates artificial intelligence technology and social media software to achieve precise analysis of patient-generated data and comprehensive management in continuous care. Our system is built on the Line Bot platform, allowing users to easily and intuitively obtain detailed analyses of their individual nutritional intake by reporting dietary information. While users report their dietary habits through the Line Bot, our AI model conducts real-time analysis of nutrient intake, providing personalized nutritional recommendations.

Endotoxin tolerance ameliorates lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced acute liver failure by negative regulation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 via Sitr1.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a potentially fatal disorder characterized by extensive hepatocyte necrosis and rapid decline in liver function. Numerous factors, including oxidative stress, cell death, and inflammatory responses, are associated with its pathogenesis. Endotoxin tolerance (ET) refers to the phenomenon in which the body or cells exhibit low or no response to high-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation after pre-stimulation with low-dose LPS.

A classification of idiopathic epiretinal membrane based on foveal avascular zone area using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics and prognoses of idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (iERM) using a classification based on the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area.

Method: IERMs were classified into four stages based on the FAZ area. Baseline FAZ-related parameters, pre-and postoperative central macular thickness (CMT), and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were observed and compared between different stages.

Predictors of anti-VEGF efficacy in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy based on intraocular cytokine levels and pigment epithelium detachment subtypes.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare intraocular cytokines among different types of pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and to investigate the association of cytokine levels and PED types with response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.

Methods: We included 88 patients with chronic CSC and 30 controls. The anti-VEGF agent conbercept was given intravitreally to chronic CSC patients.

Comparison of Intraocular Cytokine Levels of Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Different Retinopathies.

To investigate and compare the aqueous concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other inflammatory cytokines in various choroidal neovascularization (CNV) diseases and types. This observational study included 127 naive eyes with CNV and 43 control eyes with cataracts. Aqueous humor (AH) samples were obtained prior to intravitreal anti-VEGF injection or cataract surgery.

Macular density alterations in myopic choroidal neovascularization and the effect of anti-VEGF on it.

Aim: To analyse macular microvascular alterations in myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) and the efficiency of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for mCNV by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: A total of 123 patients were included in this retrospective study, divided into mCNV group, high myopia (HM) group, and normal group at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2017 to January 2019. Superficial vessel density, deep capillary density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, A-circularity index (AI) and vessel density around the 300 µm width of the FAZ region density (FD) and the area of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesion (only for mCNV group) were measured on 3×3 mm OCTA images.

Prediction of anti-VEGF efficacy in diabetic macular oedema using intraocular cytokines and macular optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: In eyes with diabetic macular oedema (DME), aqueous humour (AH) cytokine levels before and after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment were compared and correlated with optical coherence tomography structural parameters.

Methods: This prospective study included 56 control patients with cataracts and 83 patients with DME manifesting as diffuse retinal thickening (DRT), cystoid macular oedema and serous retinal detachment (SRD). AH samples were obtained before intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF or cataract surgery.

Macular Retinal Sensitivity and Microvasculature Changes before and after Vitrectomy in Idiopathic Macular Epiretinal Membrane with Classification.

Purpose: To observe retinal sensitivity (RS) and microvasculature changes in preoperative and postoperative idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (iERM) with optical coherence tomography (OCT) classification by microperimetry (MP) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: In this retrospective study, 53 eyes of 53 patients affected with iERM were enrolled and 35 iERM eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy associated with internal limiting membrane peeling. All iERM eyes were evaluated and graded by OCT.

Comprehensive evaluation of intravitreal conbercept versus half-dose photodynamic therapy for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Aim: To compare the safety and efficacy of conbercept intravitreal injection and half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: This study was retrospective. Thirty-seven patients (37 eyes) with chronic CSC received conbercept injections while 57 patients (57 eyes) were treated with half-dose PDT.

The first in-depth exploration of the genome of the engineered bacterium, Gluconobacter thailandicus.

Glycerol is an abundant byproduct of biodiesel production that has significant industrial value and can be converted into dihydroxyacetone (DHA). DHA is widely used for the production of various chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food additives. Gluconobacter can convert glycerol to DHA through two different pathways, including membrane-bound dehydrogenases with pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and NAD(P) -dependent enzymes.

An embedded system for the automated generation of labeled plant images to enable machine learning applications in agriculture.

A lack of sufficient training data, both in terms of variety and quantity, is often the bottleneck in the development of machine learning (ML) applications in any domain. For agricultural applications, ML-based models designed to perform tasks such as autonomous plant classification will typically be coupled to just one or perhaps a few plant species. As a consequence, each crop-specific task is very likely to require its own specialized training data, and the question of how to serve this need for data now often overshadows the more routine exercise of actually training such models.

Measurement and Analysis of Central Corneal Thickness at Different Postnatal Stages in Chinese Premature Infants.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate central corneal thickness (CCT) in Chinese premature infants at different postnatal stages to study the peak point and analyze influential factors on CCT development.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of premature infants. Initial CCT measurement was taken at 34 weeks of gestational age (GA) and at intervals until 88 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) was reached.

A study analyzing macular microvasculature features after vitrectomy using OCT angiography in patients with idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane.

Background: To evaluate postoperative changes in retinal capillary plexus and to assess contributing factors in postoperative visual improvement using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) post membrane removal.

Methods: Patients scheduled for vitrectomy and membrane peel for iERM were enrolled. 35 subjects were included for this study.

Quantitative Assessment of Retinal Capillary Vessel Density and Foveal Avascular Zone Area in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Using OCTA.

Purpose: To quantitatively assess the retinal capillary vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) patients compared to healthy subjects using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and determine their correlation with visual acuity (VA).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, case-control study. All subjects were divided into three groups: acute CSC, chronic CSC, and healthy controls.

Large-Truck Safety Warning System Based on Lightweight SSD Model.

Transportation is an important link in the mining process, and large trucks are one of the important tools for mine transportation. Due to their large size and small driving position, large trucks have a blind spot, which is a hidden danger to the safe transportation of mines and has a great impact on production efficiency and economic loss. The traditional large truck safety warning system mainly uses the ultrasonic short-distance ranging method, radar ranging method, GPS (Global Positioning System) technology, and so on.

Changes in Metamorphopsia, Visual Acuity, and Central Macular Thickness after Epiretinal Membrane Surgery in Four Preoperative Stages Classified with OCT B-Scan Images.

Purpose: To observe the changes in metamorphopsia, visual acuity, and central macular thickness (CMT) in patients undergoing vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membranes (iERM); all of which were preoperatively stratified into 4 stages according to the anatomical structure of the macula seen on the optical coherence tomography (OCT) b-scan images.

Methods: A total of 108 eyes of 106 patients were included. We evaluated and classified the severity of each preoperative ERM based on OCT.

Factors That Influence Refractive Changes in the First Year of Myopia Development in Premature Infants.

Purpose: To study the development of refractive status from 36 weeks to one year of postmenstrual age and to identify factors that contribute to development of myopia, including gender, birth weight, gestational age, and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods: Premature infants underwent full cycloplegic retinoscopy at 36 weeks, 38 weeks, 40 weeks, 42 weeks, 44 weeks, 46 weeks, 48 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months of postmenstrual age. The infants were grouped by gender, birth weight, gestational age, and the severity of ROP to evaluate the correlation with refractive status at each postmenstrual age.

The Efficacy of Intravitreal Conbercept for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of conbercept for patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: A retrospective clinical study. Thirty-one patients (35 eyes) with chronic CSC were given intravitreal injections of conbercept and followed up for at least 6 months.

Homotopic non-local regularized reconstruction from sparse positron emission tomography measurements.

Background: Positron emission tomography scanners collect measurements of a patient's in vivo radiotracer distribution. The system detects pairs of gamma rays emitted indirectly by a positron-emitting radionuclide (tracer), which is introduced into the body on a biologically active molecule, and the tomograms must be reconstructed from projections. The reconstruction of tomograms from the acquired PET data is an inverse problem that requires regularization.

Noise-compensated homotopic non-local regularized reconstruction for rapid retinal optical coherence tomography image acquisitions.

Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a minimally invasive imaging technique, which utilizes the spatial and temporal coherence properties of optical waves backscattered from biological material. Recent advances in tunable lasers and infrared camera technologies have enabled an increase in the OCT imaging speed by a factor of more than 100, which is important for retinal imaging where we wish to study fast physiological processes in the biological tissue. However, the high scanning rate causes proportional decrease of the detector exposure time, resulting in a reduction of the system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

Improved event positioning in a gamma ray detector using an iterative position-weighted centre-of-gravity algorithm.

An iterative position-weighted centre-of-gravity algorithm was developed and tested for positioning events in a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)-based scintillation detector for positron emission tomography. The algorithm used a Gaussian-based weighting function centred at the current estimate of the event location. The algorithm was applied to the signals from a 4 × 4 array of SiPM detectors that used individual channel readout and a LYSO:Ce scintillator array.

Energy-guided learning approach to compressive FD-OCT.

High quality, large size volumetric imaging of biological tissue with optical coherence tomography (OCT) requires large number and high density of scans, which results in large data acquisition volume. This may lead to corruption of the data with motion artifacts related to natural motion of biological tissue, and could potentially cause conflicts with the maximum permissible exposure of biological tissue to optical radiation. Therefore, OCT can benefit greatly from different approaches to sparse or compressive sampling of the data where the signal is recovered from its sub-Nyquist measurements.