Iron Dysregulation in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Iron metabolism plays a crucial role in various physiological functions of the human body, as it is essential for the growth and development of almost all organisms. Dysregulated iron metabolism-manifested either as iron deficiency or overload-is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent programed cell death, may also contribute to CVD development.

surface-related antigen (PySRA) modulates the host pro-inflammatory responses via binding to CD68 on macrophage membrane.

Malaria, one of the major infectious diseases in the world, is caused by the parasite. antigens could modulate the inflammatory response by binding to macrophage membrane receptors. As an export protein on the infected erythrocyte membrane, surface-related antigen (SRA) participates in the erythrocyte invasion and regulates the immune response of the host.