Targeting RACGAP1 suppresses growth hormone pituitary adenoma growth.

Purpose: Growth hormone pituitary adenoma (GHPA) is a major subtype of pituitary adenoma (PA), with tumor enlargement and abnormal secretion of growth hormone (GH) often causing complications. Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 (RACGAP1), a member of the guanine triphosphatase-activating protein family, is highly overexpressed in multiple tumors and promotes tumor growth. However, the role of RACGAP1 in GHPA remains unelucidated.

Concomitant gut dysbiosis and defective gut barrier serve as the bridges between hypercortisolism and chronic systemic inflammation in Cushing's disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the gut microbial signatures and related pathophysiological implications in patients with Cushing's disease (CD).

Design And Methods: Twenty-seven patients with CD and 45 healthy controls were enrolled. Based on obtained metagenomics data, we performed correlation, network study, and genome interaction group (GIG) analysis.

Digital image analysis allows objective stratification of patients with silent PIT1-lineage pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.

Studies describing the clinical presentation and prognosis of patients with silent PIT1 (pituitary specific transcription factor)-lineage pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are rare. We identified patients with positive PIT1 tumor staining but without evidence of hormone hypersecretion at a tertiary center. Clusters were obtained according to cell morphology and immunostaining from each patient's digitally segmented whole slide image.

Global changes in chromatin accessibility and transcription in growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma.

Purpose: Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA) is an insidious disease with persistent hypersecretion of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1, causing increased morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have investigated the transcription of GHPA. However, the gene regulatory landscape has not been fully characterized.

Transcription Factor ASCL1 Acts as a Novel Potential Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of the Cushing's Disease.

Background: The pathogenesis of Cushing's disease (CD) is still not adequately understood despite the identification of somatic driver mutations in USP8, BRAF, and USP48. In this multiomics study, we combined RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) with Sanger sequencing to depict transcriptional dysregulation under different gene mutation backgrounds. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential of achaete-scute complex homolog 1 (ASCL1), a pioneer transcription factor, as a novel therapeutic target for treatment of CD and its possible downstream pathway.

Treatment of acromegaly by rosiglitazone via upregulating 15-PGDH in both pituitary adenoma and liver.

Rosiglitazone, a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligand, has been reported to reduce growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in 10 patients with acromegaly. However, the mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we reveal that PPARγ directly enhances 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) expression, whose expression is decreased and negatively correlates with tumor size in acromegaly.

Regulation of the EGFR Pathway by HSP90 Is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Cushing's Disease.

Purpose: To investigate the role of heat-shock protein Hsp90 in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting cells, and to explore the potential clinical application of an inhibitor of Hsp90, 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin(17-AAG) in corticotropinomas [also known as "Cushing's disease" (CD)].

Methods: Culture of mouse pituitary tumor [AtT-20/D16v-F2 (ATCC CRL-1795™)] cells and human pituitary ACTH-secreting tumor cells were employed. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HLE) was used to evaluate EGFR inhibition by 17-AAG.

[Retracted] MicroRNA-375 inhibits glioma cell proliferation and migration by downregulating RWDD3 in vitro.

The authors of the above article drew to our attention that, in the above paper, they had identified three instances of data overlapping between data panels, suggesting that data purportedly showing results obtained under different experimental conditions had been derived from the same original source. Comparing among the data panels, two pairs of panels in Fig. 4B were shown to be overlapping, and a further pair of panels showed overlapping data in Fig.

[Corrigendum] MicroRNA-375 inhibits glioma cell proliferation and migration by downregulating RWDD3 in vitro.

The authors of the above article drew to our attention that they had identified three instances of data overlapping between data panels, suggesting that data purportedly showing results obtained under different experimental conditions had been derived from the same original source. Comparing between the two figures, two pairs of panels in Fig. 4B (the Mimics control and blank experiments for the U87 and U251 cell lines) were shown to be overlapping, and a further pair of panels showed overlapping data in Fig.

BRD4 as a therapeutic target for nonfunctioning and growth hormone pituitary adenoma.

Background: Nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) and growth hormone pituitary adenoma (GHPA) are major subtypes of pituitary adenomas (PAs). The primary treatment is surgical resection. However, radical excision remains challenging, and few effective medical therapies are available.

Exosomes secreted by HUVECs attenuate hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in neural cells by suppressing miR-21-3p.

Background: Remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) is an effective strategy for preventing key organs from becoming impaired due to an ischemia/reperfusion injury. In the current study, we investigated how remote exosome transfer of microRNAs (miRs) may contribute to the treatment effect of RIPostC on the central nerve system (CNS).

Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and their miR expression profiles were investigated using the microarray method.

Intraoperative Measuring of the Offending Vessel's Pressure on the Facial Nerve at Root Exit Zone in Patients with Hemifacial Spasm During Microvascular Decompression: A Prospective Study.

Objective: The compression of the offending vessel on the facial nerve at root exit zone is considered as the leading cause of hemifacial spasm (HFS). However, the correlation between the severity of spasm and the pressure of neurovascular compression (NVC) has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical correlation between the severity of HFS and the pressure of NVC.

AnnexinA5 promote glioma cell invasion and migration via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.

As an important member of the Annexins, AnnexinA5 has been attributed important functions in trophoblast membrane repair, anticoagulation and cellular signal transduction. Accumulated studies show that AnnexinA5 is closely associated with various types of carcinomas. However, the potential contribution of AnnexinA5 to glioma cancer progression remains unclear.

MicroRNA-375 inhibits glioma cell proliferation and migration by downregulating RWDD3 in vitro.

Derived from brain glial cells, gliomas are currently the most common primary tumours in the central nervous system and are characterised by a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. RWDD3 (RWD domain-containing sumoylation enhancer, also termed RSUME), which can be induced by cellular stress, such as CoCl2, heat shock and hypoxia, may play a crucial role in tumour angiogenesis, growth and metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to act as negative regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression and are involved in tumour growth and metastasis.

Long noncoding RNA activated by TGF-β in human cancers: A meta-analysis.

Background: Because long non-coding RNA ATB (activated by TGF-β) is dysregulated in many cancers, we performed a meta-analysis to determine its prognostic potential in malignant tumors.

Methods: We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Medline, OVID, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from inception until November 15, 2016 and identified eight studies with 818 cancer patients for the meta-analysis. We analyzed the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to determine the relationship between lncRNA-ATB expression and overall survival (OS), recurrence -free survival (RFS), disease-free survival (DFS).

Long noncoding RNA CCAT2 can predict metastasis and poor prognosis: A meta-analysis.

Background: It has been reported that Colon cancer-associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) is dysregulated in various cancers. We performed this meta-analysis to clarify its promising functions as a prognosis marker in malignant tumors.

Methods: Electronic databases, including PubMed, Medline, OVID, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, were searched from inception to October 20, 2016.