Gut microbiota-derived 3-indoleacetic acid confers a protection against sepsis-associated encephalopathy through microglial aryl hydrocarbon receptors.

Background: The gut microbiota significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of central nervous system disorders. Among the bioactive molecules produced by the gut microbiota, 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) has been shown to attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. This experiment aimed to determine the impacts of IAA on sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) and the underlying mechanisms.

A small library of copper-based metallenes with superior antibacterial activity.

We report the preparation of a small library of copper-based metallenes, such as copperene, brassene, bronzene, cupronickelene and AlCuZn trimetallene, a cryo-pretreatment assisted liquid phase exfoliation method. To the best of our knowledge, these nanosheets may represent a new category of metallenes. Benefiting from mixed-valence copper-induced oxidative stress and cleavage effects of layered structures, the obtained metallenes could efficiently eliminate drug-resistant bacteria even at a concentration as low as 1 μg mL.

Liquid exfoliation of molybdenum metallenes for non-inflammatory photothermal therapy of tumors.

Tissue damage and cell death occurring during photothermal therapy (PTT) for tumors can induce an inflammatory response that is detrimental to tumor therapy. Herein, ultrathin Mo metallene nanosheets with a thickness of <5 nm prepared by liquid phase exfoliation were explored as functional hyperthermia agents for non-inflammatory ablation of tumors. The obtained Mo metallene nanosheets exhibited good photothermal conversion properties and significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability, thus achieving superior cancer cell ablation and anti-inflammatory effects .

Rhodium-Rhenium Alloy Nanozymes for Non-inflammatory Photothermal Therapy.

Analogous to thermal ablation techniques in clinical settings, cell necrosis induced during tumor photothermal therapy (PTT) can provoke an inflammatory response that is detrimental to the treatment of tumors. In this study, we employed a straightforward one-step liquid-phase reduction process to synthesize uniform RhRe nanozymes with an average hydrodynamic size of 41.7 nm for non-inflammatory photothermal therapy.

2D Is Better: Engineering Polydopamine into Cationic Nanosheets to Enhance Anti-Inflammatory Capability.

Polydopamine nanomaterials have emerged as one of the most popular organic materials for the management of oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory diseases. However, their current anti-inflammatory ability is still unsatisfactory because of limited phenolic hydroxyl groups, and oxidation reaction-medicated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) scavenging. Herein, via fusing dimension engineering and surface charge engineering, 2D cationic polydopamine nanosheets (PDA NSs) capable of scavenging multiple danger signals to enhance anti-inflammatory capability are reported.

Total Synthesis of Dynobactin A.

The first total synthesis of the potent antimicrobial agent dynobactin A is disclosed. This synthesis enlists a singular aziridine ring opening strategy to access the two disparate β-aryl-branched amino acids present within this complex decapeptide. Featuring a number of unique maneuvers to navigate inherently sensitive and epimerizable functional groups, this convergent approach proceeds in only 16 steps (LLS) from commercial materials and should facilitate the synthesis of numerous analogues for medicinal chemistry studies.

Chiral Sulfur Nanosheets for Dual-Selective Inhibition of Gram-Positive Bacteria.

Elemental sulfur is the oldest known antimicrobial agent. However, conventional sulfur in the clinic suffers from poor aqueous solubility and limited antibacterial activity, greatly hindering its practical use. Herein, we report a reform strategy coupling dimension engineering with chirality transfer to convert conventional 3D sulfur particles into chiral 2D sulfur nanosheets (S-NSs), which exhibit 50-fold improvement of antibacterial capability and dual-selective inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria.

Emerging metallenes: synthesis strategies, biological effects and biomedical applications.

Metallenes, atomically thin-layered materials composed of coordination-deficient metal atoms, have emerged as a new category of two-dimensional materials. Metallenes exhibit exciting properties with a fusion of atom economy, ultrathin structure, photonic properties, and catalytic activity, which make them intriguing for a wide range of applications in biomedicine. The development of biomedical applications of metallenes is in its infancy yet fast-growing.

Gut microbiota-derived indole 3-propionic acid partially activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor to promote macrophage phagocytosis and attenuate septic injury.

Sepsis is associated with a high risk of death, and the crosstalk between gut microbiota and sepsis is gradually revealed. Indole 3-propionic acid (IPA) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite that exerts immune regulation and organ protective effects. However, the role of IPA in sepsis is not clear.

Predicting prolonged postoperative length of stay risk in patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery: Development and assessment of a novel predictive nomogram.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and internally validate a prediction nomogram model in patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery.

Methods: A total of 310 patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery were reviewed, and the median and quartile interval were used to describe postoperative length of stay (PLOS). Patients with PLOS > P were defined as prolonged PLOS.

The roles of temperamental inhibition in affective and cognitive empathy in Chinese toddlers.

Empathy, crucial to harmonious interpersonal relationships and moral development, has both affective and cognitive components. Previous studies found that toddlers' temperamental inhibition may influence their empathy, but mainly focused on emotional response to others' distress. Little is known about whether inhibited children's poor empathy is due to high reactivity and social withdrawal when sharing others' affective states, such as distress (affective empathy), or to a difficulty in comprehending and inferring others' perspective (cognitive empathy).

[Apoptosis mechanism of taxol combined with resveratrol on human laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells].

Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the respiratory tumors, and its incidence ranks second highest in the respiratory tumors. Resveratrol (Res) is a kind of polyphenols, which can inhibit nucleotides can inhibit the growth of liver cancer cells, gastric cancer cells, pancreatic cells and other tumor cells by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase in the cells. Taxol (Tax) is a kind of secondary metabolites of Taxus chinensis, which has anti-tumor activity for breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer and other tumors by inhibiting cellular microtubule depolymerization.

A mussel-inspired chitooligosaccharide based multidentate ligand for highly stabilized nanoparticles.

Inspired by the adhesion behaviors of mussels, we synthesized a chitooligosaccharide (COS) based multidentate ligand (ML) for preparing robust biocompatible magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). The COS was modified with mussel adhesive protein (MAP) mimetic multiple catechol groups and branched poly(ethylene glycol) moieties, which can not only strongly bind to IONPs through multiple catechol groups, but also afford IONPs with good colloidal stability and biocompatibility due to PEG integrated into the COS coating. The resultant ML-stabilized IONPs consist of single nanoparticles coated with ML shells and exhibited high dispersion stability in aqueous solution for a wide range of pH and concentrated salt solutions.