Global climatological dataset of undersea acoustic parameters derived from the NCEI World Ocean Atlas 2023.

Acoustics is most effective in undersea detection, localization, and communication. Establishment of a global climatological dataset of undersea acoustic parameters becomes urgent. In building such a dataset, first we use the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater-2010 (TEOS-10) to calculate the sound speed (SS) from the gridded temperature and salinity fields of the NOAA/NCEI World Ocean Atlas 2023.

Global climatological data of ocean thermohaline parameters derived from WOA18.

This is a global ocean climatological dataset of 17 thermohaline parameters such as isothermal layer (ITL) depth (h), mixed layer (ML) depth (h), thermocline gradient (G), pycnocline gradient (G) determined from temperature (T) and salinity (S) profiles of the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) world ocean atlas 2018 (WOA18) using the double gradient method along with the identity-index (i-index) showing the quality of the determination. With the identified (h, h) and (G, G), other parameters such as ITL heat content (H), mixed layer fresh-water content (F), maximum thermocline gradient (G), thermocline depth (h), temperature at thermocline depth (T), maximum density gradient G), pycnocline depth (h), density at pycnocline depth (ρ), and (h - h) (barrier layer if positive or compensated layer if negative). The dataset is located at the NOAA/NCEI website ( https://doi.

Global ocean synoptic thermocline gradient, isothermal-layer depth, and other upper ocean parameters.

Different from the existing global ocean climatological datasets of isothermal layer (ITL) depth (h), a global ocean synoptic dataset of h along with other parameters has been established from temperature profiles of the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) world ocean database 1961-2017. The exponential leap-forward gradient method was used to identify h and thermocline gradient (G) from each temperature profile measured by expendable bathythermograph (XBT) and conductivity, temperature, depth (CTD) instruments. Due to quality and vertical resolution of the profiling data, the numbers of (G, h) pairs are 446,811 out of 964,942 CTD profiles and 755,086 out of 2,303,433 XBT profiles.