Effect of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V algorithm and deep learning image reconstruction algorithm on image quality and emphysema quantification in COPD patients under ultra-low-dose conditions.

Purpose: To explore the effect of different reconstruction algorithms (ASIR-V and DLIR) on image quality and emphysema quantification in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients under ultra-low-dose scanning conditions.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study with patient consent included 62 COPD patients. Patients were examined by pulmonary function test (PFT), standard-dose CT (SDCT) and ultra-low-dose CT (ULDCT).

The diagnosis value of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) multi-parameter imaging in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Lung cancer continues to pose a serious risk to human health. With a high mortality rate, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major type of lung cancer, making up to 85% of all cases of lung cancer. Lung adenocarcinoma (AC), and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SC) are the two primary types of NSCLC.

Posterior default mode network is associated with the social performance in male children with autism spectrum disorder: A dynamic causal modeling analysis based on triple-network model.

The triple-network model has been widely applied in neuropsychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the mechanism of causal regulations within the triple-network and their relations with symptoms of ASD remains unclear. 81 male ASD and 80 well matched typically developing control (TDC) were included in this study, recruited from Autism Brain Image Data Exchange-I datasets.

HRCT findings predict 1-year mortality in patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies-associated interstitial lung disease.

Background: Acute exacerbation of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies-associated interstitial lung disease (AE-IIM-ILD) is a significant event associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, few studies investigated the potential prognostic factors contributing to mortality in patients who experience AE-IIM-ILD.

Objectives: The purpose of our study was to comprehensively investigate whether high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings predict the 1-year mortality in patients who experience AE-IIM-ILD.

Brain functional connectivity patterns associated with symptoms of vestibular migraine.

Background: Several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigations of patients with vestibular migraine (VM) have revealed abnormal functionality in different networks, indicating that VM is related to alterations in brain function. We sought to investigate the resting-state functional connectivity (FC) patterns during the interictal period in VM by combining data-driven voxel-wise degree centrality (DC) calculations and seed-based FC analyses, and thereby determine the associations between cerebral function and clinical symptoms.

Methods: Thirty-eight patients with VM and 33 matched normal controls were recruited.

Corrigendum: Visual expertise modulates resting-state brain network dynamics in radiologists: a degree centrality analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.

Visual expertise modulates resting-state brain network dynamics in radiologists: a degree centrality analysis.

Visual expertise reflects accumulated experience in reviewing domain-specific images and has been shown to modulate brain function in task-specific functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. However, little is known about how visual experience modulates resting-state brain network dynamics. To explore this, we recruited 22 radiology interns and 22 matched healthy controls and used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and the degree centrality (DC) method to investigate changes in brain network dynamics.

A Cox Nomogram for Assessing Recurrence Free Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Following Surgical Resection Using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Radiomics.

Background: The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is difficult to predict and carries high mortality. This study utilized radiomic techniques with clinical examinations to assess recurrence in HCC.

Purpose: To develop a Cox nomogram to assess the risk of postoperative recurrence in HCC using radiomic features of three volumes of interest (VOIs) in preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), along with clinical findings.

Methadone maintenance treatment alters couplings of default mode and salience networks in individuals with heroin use disorder: A longitudinal self-controlled resting-state fMRI study.

Background: Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is a common treatment for heroin use disorder (HUD). Although individuals with HUD have been reported to show impaired coupling among the salience network (SN), executive control network (ECN), and default mode network (DMN), the effects of MMT on the coupling among three large-scale networks in individuals with HUD remains unclear.

Methods: Thirty-seven individuals with HUD undergoing MMT and 57 healthy controls were recruited.

Decreased ALFF and Functional Connectivity of the Thalamus in Vestibular Migraine Patients.

Background: The thalamus has been reported to be associated with pain modulation and processing. However, the functional changes that occur in the thalamus of vestibular migraine (VM) patients remain unknown.

Methods: In total, 28 VM patients and 28 healthy controls who were matched for age and sex underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging Findings of Infrapatellar Fat Pad Signal Abnormalities: Comparison Between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis.

Rationale And Objectives: Infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) proton density-weighted images (PdWI) hyperintense regions on MRI are an important imaging feature of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and are thought to represent inflammation which may induce knee pain. The aim of the study was to compare the intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) findings of PdWI hyperintense regions of IPFP between symptomatic and asymptomatic KOA and to determine whether IVIM-DWI parameters can be used as an objective biomarker for symptomatic KOA.

Materials And Methods: In total, 84 patients with symptomatic KOA, 43 asymptomatic KOA persons, and 30 healthy controls with MRI were retrospectively reviewed.

Early stage of radiological expertise modulates resting-state local coherence in the inferior temporal lobe.

Background: The visual system and its inherent functions undergo experience-dependent changes through the lifespan, enabling acquisition of new skills. Previous fMRI studies using tasks reported increased specialization in a number of cortical regions subserving visual expertise. Although ample studies focused on representation of long-term visual expertise in the brain, i.

Real-World Visual Experience Alters Baseline Brain Activity in the Resting State: A Longitudinal Study Using Expertise Model of Radiologists.

Visual experience modulates the intensity of evoked brain activity in response to training-related stimuli. Spontaneous fluctuations in the restful brain actively encode previous learning experience. However, few studies have considered how real-world visual experience alters the level of baseline brain activity in the resting state.

Visual expertise modulates baseline brain activity: a preliminary resting-state fMRI study using expertise model of radiologists.

Background: visual expertise and experience modulate evoked brain activity in response to training-related stimuli. However, few studies have considered how the visual experience is represented in the resting state brain activity. This study tried to investigate the way visual experience, i.

Potential Value of Expiratory CT in Quantitative Assessment of Pulmonary Vessels in COPD.

To investigate the associations between intrapulmonary vascular volume (IPVV) depicted on inspiratory and expiratory CT scans and disease severity in COPD patients, and to determine which CT parameters can be used to predict IPVV. We retrospectively collected 89 CT examinations acquired on COPD patients from an available database. All subjects underwent both inspiratory and expiratory CT scans.

Altered Gray Matter Volume and Functional Connectivity in Patients With Vestibular Migraine.

Subjects: Vestibular migraine (VM) is the most common neurological cause of vertigo in adults. Previous neuroimaging studies have reported structural alterations in areas associated with pain and vestibular processing. However, it is unclear whether altered resting-state functional connectivity (FC) exists in brain regions with structural abnormalities in patients with VM.

Visual experience modulates whole-brain connectivity dynamics: A resting-state fMRI study using the model of radiologists.

Visual expertise refers to proficiency in visual recognition. It is attributed to accumulated visual experience in a specific domain and manifests in widespread neural activities that extend well beyond the visual cortex to multiple high-level brain areas. An extensive body of studies has centered on the neural mechanisms underlying a distinctive domain of visual expertise, while few studies elucidated how visual experience modulates resting-state whole-brain connectivity dynamics.

Discriminating Small-Sized (2 cm or Less), Noncalcified, Solitary Pulmonary Tuberculoma and Solid Lung Adenocarcinoma in Tuberculosis-Endemic Areas.

Background: Pulmonary tuberculoma can mimic lung malignancy and thereby pose a diagnostic dilemma to clinicians. The purpose of this study was to establish an accurate, convenient, and clinically practical model for distinguishing small-sized, noncalcified, solitary pulmonary tuberculoma from solid lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Thirty-one patients with noncalcified, solitary tuberculoma and 30 patients with solid adenocarcinoma were enrolled.

Imaging Biomarkers to Predict and Evaluate the Effectiveness of Immunotherapy in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Objective: We aimed to identify imaging biomarkers to assess predictive capacity of radiomics nomogram regarding treatment response status (responder/non-responder) in patients with advanced NSCLC undergoing anti-PD1 immunotherapy.

Methods: 197 eligible patients with histologically confirmed NSCLC were retrospectively enrolled from nine hospitals. We carried out a radiomics characterization from target lesions (TL) approach and largest target lesion (LL) approach on baseline and first follow-up (TP1) CT imaging data.

Automated quantification of COVID-19 severity and progression using chest CT images.

Objective: To develop and test computer software to detect, quantify, and monitor progression of pneumonia associated with COVID-19 using chest CT scans.

Methods: One hundred twenty chest CT scans from subjects with lung infiltrates were used for training deep learning algorithms to segment lung regions and vessels. Seventy-two serial scans from 24 COVID-19 subjects were used to develop and test algorithms to detect and quantify the presence and progression of infiltrates associated with COVID-19.

Optimal threshold in low-dose CT quantification of emphysema.

Objective: Low-dose CT is now widely used in the screening of lung cancer and the detection of pulmonary nodules. There has also been increasing interest in using Low-dose CT for evaluating emphysema. In conventional dose CT, the threshold of -950HU is a common threshold for density-based emphysema quantification for worldwide population.

Any unique image biomarkers associated with COVID-19?

Objective: To define the uniqueness of chest CT infiltrative features associated with COVID-19 image characteristics as potential diagnostic biomarkers.

Methods: We retrospectively collected chest CT exams including n = 498 on 151 unique patients RT-PCR positive for COVID-19 and n = 497 unique patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Both COVID-19 and CAP image sets were partitioned into three groups for training, validation, and testing respectively.

Small airway dysfunction may be an indicator of early asthma: findings from high-resolution CT.

Background: Increasing attention is now focused on the role of the small airways in asthma. Patients with small airway asthma typically have a preserved forced expiratory volume in 1 second, with disproportionate small airway dysfunction.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether there are structural changes in the large airways in patients with small airway asthma.

Influence of Monoenergetic Images at Different Energy Levels in Dual-Energy Spectral CT on the Accuracy of Computer-Aided Detection for Pulmonary Embolism.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of monoenergetic images of different energy levels in spectral computed tomography (CT) on the accuracy of computer aided detection (CAD) for pulmonary embolism (PE).

Materials And Methods: CT images of 20 PE patients who underwent spectral CT pulmonary angiography were retrospectively analyzed. Nine sets of monochromatic images from 40 to 80 keV at 5 keV interval were reconstructed and then independently analyzed for detecting PE using a commercially available CAD software.