Direct lithography of CsPbCl, CsPbBrCl and CsCdPbBr perovskite nanocrystals in organic media.

The in-situ generation of perovskite nanocrystals within organic media using a femtosecond laser can greatly simplify the sample preparation process and save pulse energy. In this work, three perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs), CsPbCl, CsPbBrCl, and CsCdxPbBr, were generated in situ within organic media using a femtosecond laser. These three perovskite nanocrystals emitted pure blue or blue-green fluorescence under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.

Free-space direct nanoscale 3D printing of metals and alloys enabled by two-photon decomposition and ultrafast optical trapping.

Nanoscale three-dimensional (3D) printing of metals and alloys has faced challenges in speed, miniaturization and deficiency in material properties. Traditional nanomanufacturing relies on lithographic methods with material constraints, limited resolution and slow layer-by-layer processing. This work introduces polymer-free techniques using two-photon decomposition and optical force trapping for free-space direct 3D printing of metals, metal oxides and multimetallic alloys with resolutions beyond optical limits.

Single-Cell Synchro-Subtractive-Additive Nanoscale Surgery with Femtosecond Lasers.

Herein, an in situ "synchro-subtractive-additive" technique of femtosecond laser single-cell surgery (FLSS) is presented to address the inadequacies of existing surgical methods for single-cell manipulation. This process is enabled by synchronized nanoscale three-dimensional (3D) subtractive and additive manufacturing with ultrahigh precision on various parts of the cells, in that the precise removal and modification of a single-cell structure are realized by nonthermal ablation, with synchronously ultrafast solidification of the specially designed hydrogel by two photopolymerizations. FLSS is a minimally invasive technique with a post-operative survival rate of 70% and stable proliferation.

Optical force brush enabled free-space painting of 4D functional structures.

Femtosecond laser-based technique called two-photon polymerization (TPP) has emerged as a powerful tool for nanofabrication and integrating nanomaterials. However, challenges persist in existing three-dimensional (3D) nanoprinting methods, such as slow layer-by-layer printing and limited material options due to laser-matter interactions. Here, we present an approach to 3D nanoprinting called free-space nanopainting, using an optical force brush (OFB).