Integrated Transcriptome Analysis of lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA Reveals key Regulatory Modules for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Unlabelled: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear, because the main symptoms vary with age and the pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial. In order to explore the gene expression and regulation networks, and identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of PCOS, we conducted whole RNA sequencing of protein-coding genes, lncRNAs, and miRNAs in peripheral blood with case-control design.

The Beneficial Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Other than Their Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Obesity Properties.

As an incretin hormone, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has obvious effects on blood glucose regulation and weight loss. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are synthetic products that have similar effects to GLP-1 but are less prone to degradation, and they are widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. In recent years, different beneficial effects of GLP-1R agonists were discovered, such as reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury, improving the function of various organs, alleviating substance use disorder, affecting tumorigenesis, regulating bone metabolism, changing gut microbiota composition, and prolonging graft survival.

Liraglutide and GLP-1(9-37) alleviated hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway and SMAD159/Hepcidin/FTH pathway.

Ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Liraglutide, as a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, has exhibited extensive biological effects beyond its hypoglycemic action. Recent studies have shed light on the regulatory influence of Liraglutide on ferroptosis, yet the precise underlying mechanism remains elusive.

Hidden hotspots of amphibian biodiversity in China.

Identifying and protecting hotspots of endemism and species richness is crucial for mitigating the global biodiversity crisis. However, our understanding of spatial diversity patterns is far from complete, which severely limits our ability to conserve biodiversity hotspots. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of amphibian species diversity in China, one of the most species-rich countries on Earth.

The novel molecular mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis: insight into lipid metabolism from reanalysis of single-cell RNA-seq databases.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a severe pulmonary disease with limited available therapeutic choices. Recent evidence increasingly points to abnormal lipid metabolism as a critical factor in PF pathogenesis. Our latest research identifies the dysregulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a new risk factor for PF, contributing to alveolar epithelial and endothelial cell damage, and fibroblast activation.

First national record of Hoang, Nguyen, Phan, Pham, Ninh, Wang, Jiang, Ziegler and Nguyen, 2022 (Anura, Microhylidae, ) in China.

Background: To date, 10 species of the genus have been recorded in China, of which six were distributed in Yunnan Province. Hoang, Nguyen, Phan, Pham, Ninh, Wang, Jiang, Ziegler, and Nguyen, 2022 was also speculated to be distributed in Xishuangbana, Yunnan Province, China. However, there is no evidence of documentation of .

Ketogenic diet alleviates renal fibrosis in mice by enhancing fatty acid oxidation through the free fatty acid receptor 3 pathway.

Introduction: The ketogenic diet (KD), as a dietary intervention, has gained importance in the treatment of solid organ structural remodeling, but its role in renal fibrosis has not been explored.

Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet or a KD for 6 weeks prior to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), a well-established model of renal fibrosis in rodents. Seven days after UUO, serum and kidney samples were collected.

Ketogenic diet alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO mice by regulating macrophage proliferation.

The ketogenic diet (KD), a high-fat and extremely low-carbohydrate dietary regimen, has long been acknowledged as a highly beneficial dietary therapy for the treatment of intractable epilepsy throughout the last decade. Because of its significant therapeutic potential for a variety of ailments, KD is increasingly attracting study interest. In renal fibrosis, KD has received little attention.

Liraglutide abrogates nephrotoxic effects of chemotherapies.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical complication. Cisplatin (Cis) is an effective chemotherapeutic drug; however, its acute nephrotoxicity often limits its application. The role of liraglutide (Lir), an agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), has recently attracted increasing attention beyond glycemic regulation.

Glycyrrhizic acid improves tacrolimus-induced renal injury by regulating autophagy.

Tacrolimus (TAC)-induced renal injury is detrimental to long-term kidney function, but a treatment medication is not available. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is an active ingredient in licorice widely used to treat kidney disease. Thus, this study explored the mechanisms of renoprotection by GA on TAC-induced renal injury.

LncCMRR Plays an Important Role in Cardiac Differentiation by Regulating the Purb/Flk1 Axis.

As crucial epigenetic regulators, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical functions in development processes and various diseases. However, the regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs in early heart development is still limited. In this study, we identified cardiac mesoderm-related lncRNA (LncCMRR).

Engineering the Coordination Interface of Isolated Co Atomic Sites Anchored on N-Doped Carbon for Effective Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

The regulation of the coordination environment of the central metal atom is considered as an alternative way to enhance the performance of single-atom catalysts (SACs). Herein, we design an electrocatalyst with active sites of isolated Co atoms coordinated with four sulfur atoms supported on N-doped carbon frameworks (Co-S/NC), confirmed by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope (HADDF-STEM) and synchrotron-radiation-based X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. The Co-S/NC possesses higher hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity than other Co species and exceptional stability, which exhibits a small Tafel slope of 60 mV dec and a low overpotential of 114 mV at 10 mA cm during the HER in 0.

IL-18/IL-18R Signaling Is Dispensable for ILC Development But Constrains the Growth of ILCP/ILCs.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) develop from ILC progenitors in the bone marrow. Various ILC precursors (ILCPs) with different ILC subset lineage potentials have been identified based on the expression of cell surface markers and ILC-associated key transcription factor reporter genes. This study characterized an interleukin (IL)-7RαIL-18Rα ILC progenitor population in the mouse bone marrow with multi-ILC lineage potential on the clonal level.

Discovery of a wild, genetically pure Chinese giant salamander creates new conservation opportunities.

Effective conservation of threatened biota relies on accurate assessments and scientific guidance. As an unfortunate example, Chinese giant salamanders ( , CGS) remain critically endangered in nature. Misguided conservation efforts, e.

Pharmacological targeting macrophage phenotype via gut-kidney axis ameliorates renal fibrosis in mice.

Renal fibrosis is a non-negligible pathological change in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Increasing evidence indicates that macrophage and gut-kidney axis are correlated with CKD. In this study, we manifest that pharmacological modulating macrophage phenotype via gut-kidney axis is conducive to the alleviation of renal fibrosis.

Herpetological phylogeographic analyses support a Miocene focal point of Himalayan uplift and biological diversification.

The Himalaya are among the youngest and highest mountains in the world, but the exact timing of their uplift and origins of their biodiversity are still in debate. The Himalayan region is a relatively small area but with exceptional diversity and endemism. One common hypothesis to explain the rich montane diversity is uplift-driven diversification-that orogeny creates conditions favoring rapid speciation of resident lineages.

PAUPAR and PAX6 sequentially regulate human embryonic stem cell cortical differentiation.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a wide range of roles in the epigenetic regulation of crucial biological processes, but the functions of lncRNAs in cortical development are poorly understood. Using human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-based 2D neural differentiation approach and 3D cerebral organoid system, we identified that the lncRNA PAUPAR, which is adjacent to PAX6, plays essential roles in cortical differentiation by interacting with PAX6 to regulate the expression of a large number of neural genes. Mechanistic studies showed that PAUPAR confers PAX6 proper binding sites on the target neural genes by directly binding the genomic regions of these genes.

MiR-184 directly targets Wnt3 in cardiac mesoderm differentiation of embryonic stem cells.

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the property of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, and provide an ideal model for studying early embryo development in vitro. Wnt3, as Wnt family member 3, plays a vital role during ES cell differentiation. However, the exact regulatory mechanism of Wnt3 remains to be elucidated.

Functional alterations and transcriptomic changes during zebrafish cardiac aging.

Aging dramatically increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in human. Animal models are of great value to study cardiac aging, and zebrafish have become a popular model for aging study recently. However, there is limited knowledge about the progression and regulation of cardiac aging in zebrafish.

Whole-transcriptome sequencing uncovers core regulatory modules and gene signatures of human fetal growth restriction.

Background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) contributes the primary cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity with impacts on the long-term health. To determine the core gene expression network and gene signatures, which in combination with ultrasound confirmation will more effectively differentiate constitutionally normal small for gestational age and pathological FGR groups, we performed RNA sequencing for protein-coding genes, lncRNAs, and small RNAs in a case-control study of umbilical cord blood.

Results: Five pairs of FGR case and control umbilical cord blood samples were used for RNA sequencing and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA).

Linc1557 is critical for the initiation of embryonic stem cell differentiation by directly targeting the LIF/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation potential and perform critical functions in development and biomedicine. Several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as key regulators of stem cell pluripotency and differentiation. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs during the initiation of ESC differentiation remains unclear.

Allele-selective lowering of mutant HTT protein by HTT-LC3 linker compounds.

Accumulation of mutant proteins is a major cause of many diseases (collectively called proteopathies), and lowering the level of these proteins can be useful for treatment of these diseases. We hypothesized that compounds that interact with both the autophagosome protein microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3 (LC3) and the disease-causing protein may target the latter for autophagic clearance. Mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) contains an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract and causes Huntington's disease, an incurable neurodegenerative disorder.

A Linc1405/Eomes Complex Promotes Cardiac Mesoderm Specification and Cardiogenesis.

Large intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) play widespread roles in epigenetic regulation during multiple differentiation processes, but little is known about their mode of action in cardiac differentiation. Here, we identified the key roles of a lincRNA, termed linc1405, in modulating the core network of cardiac differentiation by functionally interacting with Eomes. Chromatin- and RNA-immunoprecipitation assays showed that exon 2 of linc1405 physically mediates a complex consisting of Eomes, trithorax group (TrxG) subunit WDR5, and histone acetyltransferase GCN5 binding at the enhancer region of Mesp1 gene and activates its expression during cardiac mesoderm specification of embryonic stem cells.