Micro-optical design of a three-dimensional microlens scanner for vertically integrated micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems.

This paper presents the optical design of a miniature 3D scanning system, which is fully compatible with the vertical integration technology of micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS). The constraints related to this integration strategy are considered, resulting in a simple three-element micro-optical setup based on an afocal scanning microlens doublet and a focusing microlens, which is tolerant to axial position inaccuracy. The 3D scanning is achieved by axial and lateral displacement of microlenses of the scanning doublet, realized by micro-electro-mechanical systems microactuators (the transmission scanning approach).

IL-9 aggravates the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice.

Aims: Recently, interleukin (IL)-9 was found to be involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. Here, we tested whether IL-9 was related to atherosclerosis and investigated the underlying mechanisms.

Methods And Results: IL-9R was expressed in mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) and aortic tissues, and IL-9 levels were elevated in plasma and aortic arches in Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice.