Bilayer Plots for Accurately Determining the Chirality of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Under Complex Environments.

The chirality (n,m) determines all structures and properties of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT), therefore, accurate and convenient (n,m) assignments are vital in nanotube-related science and technology. Previously, a so-called Kataura plot that protracts the excitonic transition energies (E's) of SWNTs with various (n,m) with respect to the tube diameter (d) has been widely utilized by researchers in the nanotube community for all (n,m)-related studies. However, the facts that both E and the calculated d are subject to interactions with the environments make it inconvenient to accurately determine the (n,m) under complex environments.