Nerve decompression for diabetic peripheral neuropathy with nerve entrapment: a narrative review.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes which primarily affects the sensory nervous system. Pain is the most common complaint that prompts patients to seek medical advice. With various presentations and intricate pathological mechanisms, diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain is currently the most crucial and challenging aspect of managing diabetic complications.

Optic nerve decompression through pterional and supraorbital approaches in the treatment of severe traumatic optic neuropathy.

To investigate the effectiveness of optic nerve decompression (OND) in the treatment of severe traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) through pterional and supraorbital approaches, and to identify the prognostic factor for postoperative visual acuity (VA) following OND. Patients with severe TON treated with OND through either pterional or supraorbital approach in our institute from September 2019 to June 2022 were retrospectively reviewed in this study. Demographic information, trauma factors, the interval between trauma and complete blindness, the interval between trauma and surgery, and the associated craniofacial traumas were recorded.

Predicting long-term outcomes in patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia following microvascular decompression with an MRI-based radiomics nomogram: a multicentre study.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a clinical-radiomics nomogram to predict the long-term outcomes of patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia (CTN) following microvascular decompression (MVD).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 455 patients with CTN who underwent MVD from three independent institutions A total of 2030 radiomics features from the cistern segment of the trigeminal nerve were extracted computationally from the three-dimensional steady-state free precession and three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography sequences. Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, 16 features were chosen to develop radiomics signatures.

Impact of ferroptosis-related risk genes on macrophage M1/M2 polarization and prognosis in glioblastoma.

Objective: To explore the effect impact of ferroptosis on macrophage polarization and patient prognosis in glioblastoma.

Methods: We screened ferroptosis-related risk from the public datasets of primary and recurrent glioblastoma, combined with reported ferroptosis genes, calculated the risk genes among the ferroptosis-related genes using the LASSO Cox regression model, and investigated the relationship between these ferroptosis-related risk genes in the tumor and the spectrum of infiltrating M1/M2 macrophages. Macrophages were analyzed using the CIBERSORTx deconvolution algorithm.

Association of concomitant continuous pain in trigeminal neuralgia with a narrow foramen ovale.

Background: The pathogenesis of concomitant continuous pain remains unclear and is worthy of further study. In this clinical study, we aimed to explore the potential role of a narrow foramen ovale in the development of concomitant continuous pain.

Methods: A total of 108 patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia affecting the third branch of the trigeminal nerve and 46 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study.

Efficacy and Complications of Percutaneous Balloon Compression for Patients With Trigeminal Neuralgia With and Without Concomitant Continuous Pain.

Background: Percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) has become one of the most common and effective minimally invasive treatments for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, the initial and long-term pain outcomes, as well as the complication rates of PBC for patients with TN with concomitant continuous pain (CCP) have yet to be specifically documented.

Objective: In this clinical study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the results of PBC in treating TN with and without CCP.

Proximal trigeminal nerve atrophy is associated with favourable outcomes and persistent facial numbness following percutaneous balloon compression for primary trigeminal neuralgia.

Objective: Whether nerve atrophy can affect the prognosis of primary trigeminal neuralgia (PTN) patients undergoing percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the association between nerve characteristics observed on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PBC outcomes.

Methods: Between January 2019 and December 2022, a cohort of 58 patients with unilateral PTN treated with PBC were analysed retrospectively and included in this study.

Multi-omics analysis revealed the role of CYP1A2 in the induction of mechanical allodynia in type 1 diabetes.

Mechanical allodynia (MA) is one of the leading clinical symptoms of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN), which is a primary reason for non-traumatic amputations, foot ulceration, and gait abnormalities in patients with diabetes. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of MA have not yet been fully elucidated, and there is no effective treatment. This study aims to study the potential pathogenetic mechanisms of MA and to provide targets for the therapy of MA.

Triple-nerve decompression surgery for the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy in lower extremities: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is often refractory to conventional medications. Triple-nerve decompression was proposed for painful DPN due to the frequent involvement of multiple nerve entrapments in diabetes. However, the role of decompressive surgery remains controversial.

Narrow ovale foramina may be involved in the development of primary trigeminal neuralgia.

Background: The etiology of primary trigeminal neuralgia remains unclear and is worthy of further study; In this study, the morphometric characteristics of ovale foramina between various groups were compared and analyzed to explore the novel cause of primary trigeminal neuralgia.

Methods: High-resolution three-dimensional reconstruction images from head computed tomography of 109 patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia affecting the third branch of the trigeminal nerve and 46 healthy controls were retrospectively reviewed. Among the 109 primary trigeminal neuralgia patients, 79 patients with apparent neurovascular compression (not simply contact) demonstrated on MRI or during surgery were divided into the classical trigeminal neuralgia group and 30 patients with MRI showing no significant abnormalities were divided into idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia group.

DUSP8/TAK1 signaling mediates neuropathic pain through regulating neuroinflammation and neuron death in a spinal nerve ligation (SNL) rat model.

Nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain is a type of chronic pain associated with neuroinflammatory response and neuronal death; however the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Dual-specificity phosphatase 8 (DUSP8) can mediate numerous cellular events, but whether it's involved in neuropathic pain is unknown. In the study, we found that spinal nerve ligation (SNL) operation on rats significantly decreased DUSP8 expression levels in ipsilateral spinal cord (ISC) tissues.

The Development of Mechanical Allodynia in Diabetic Rats Revealed by Single-Cell RNA-Seq.

Mechanical allodynia (MA) is the main reason that patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) seek medical advice. It severely debilitates the quality of life. Investigating hyperglycemia-induced changes in neural transcription could provide fundamental insights into the complex pathogenesis of painful DPN (PDPN).

Patterns of Nerve Fibre Impairments and Neuronal Activation in Male Diabetic Rats With and Without Mechanical Allodynia: A Comparative Study.

Background: It is still clinically difficult to definitively distinguish between painful and nonpainful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). In this study, pain patterns were further categorized; diabetic rats were grouped according to the presence or absence of mechanical allodynia (MA), which is a hallmark of neuropathic pain, and comparisons were made between diabetic rats with and without MA.

Methods: Diabetes was established in rats by a single intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection, and vehicle injection was administered in the control group.

Controlled release of ciliary neurotrophic factor from bioactive nerve grafts promotes nerve regeneration in rats with facial nerve injuries.

It is critical to repair severed facial nerves, as lack of treatment may cause long-term motor and sensory impairments. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) plays an important role in terms of enhancing nerve axon regrowth and maturation during peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. However, simple application of CNTF to the transected nerve site does not afford functional recovery, because it is rapidly flushed away by bodily fluids.

Application of hyperspectral imaging technology in the rapid identification of microplastics in farmland soil.

Microplastics (MPs) are emerging environmental pollutants and their accumulation in the soil can adversely affect the soil biota. This study aims to employ hyperspectral imaging technology for the rapid screening and classification of MPs in farmland soil. In this study, a total of 600 hyperspectral data are collected from 180 sets of farmland soil samples with a hyperspectral imager in the wavelength range of 369- 988 nm.

Combined surgical and endovascular treatment for spinal arteriovenous fistula associated with Parkes Weber syndrome.

Background: Parkes Weber syndrome (PWS) is a rare and congenital vascular malformation manifesting as hemihypertrophy of the extremities, cutaneous hemangiomas, varicose veins, and arteriovenous fistula of the affected limbs. The incidence rate of spinal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) associated with PWS is extremely rare.

Case Presentation: We reported a case of an adolescent girl with PWS who presented with a rupture spinal perimedullary AVF at the level of T12-L1.

The Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Treatment of Craniovertebral Junction Pathologies: A Minimally Invasive but not Minimal-Risk Approach.

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Transoral Versus Transnasal Approach for Craniovertebral Junction Pathologies: Which Route Is Better?

Background: Several pathologies that affect the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) can be treated by means of a microsurgical transoral approach (TOA) or, alternatively, with an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA), which is potentially able to overcome some complications associated with the former approach. In this paper, after discussing updates in the recent literature, to which we add our own surgical experience, we critically analyse these procedures with the aim of demonstrating that the TOA still deserves to be considered a viable alternative and that, in selected cases, it can even be considered superior to the EEA.

Methods: Our experience involves 25 anterior procedures in 24 paediatric and adult patients (18 TOA and seven EEA).

The Relationship Between Basilar Invagination and Chiari Malformation Type I: A Narrative Review.

Basilar invagination (BI) and Chiari malformation type I CM-I) are the most common adult craniovertebral junction malformations, and they are frequently associated with each other and present synchronously. The relationship between BI and CM-I has remained incompletely understood, and the choice of surgical strategy has remained controversial. This brief review focuses on the different aspects of BI and CM-I, and further discusses the relationship between these two concomitant pathologies on the basis of the concepts proposed over the last three decades.

Dynamic Quantitative Assessment of Motor Axon Sprouting after Direct Facial-Hypoglossal End-To-Side Neurorrhaphy in Rats.

Background:  End-to-side (ETS) neurorrhaphy is a promising procedure for peripheral nerve repair, yet controversies regarding the efficacy of this repair in facial nerve anastomosis for facial paralysis still exist.

Materials And Methods:  Thirty rats were divided into three groups: intact control group, direct facial-hypoglossal ETS neurorrhaphy, and end-to-end (ETE) neurorrhaphy. Nerve regeneration was assessed with vibrissae motor performance, electrophysiological tests, retrograde labeling, and histomorphological analysis at 4 and 8 months postoperatively.

Mechanical Allodynia Predicts Better Outcome of Surgical Decompression for Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.

Background:  To determine the role of mechanical allodynia (MA) in predicting good surgical outcome for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Materials And Methods:  Data of 192 patients with painful DPN were collected in this study, with 148 surgical patients and 44 patients in the control group. Both groups were further divided into subgroups based on the presence of MA on admission.

Transoral Versus Transnasal Approach for Craniovertebral Junction Pathologies: Never Say Never.

Objective: For many years, the microsurgical transoral approach (TOA) has been accepted as the "gold standard" for the surgical treatment of a variety of congenital, developmental, and acquired pathologies affecting the craniovertebral junction. In the present study, we try to investigate both experimental and clinical fronts of such a challenging surgery, starting from the updated literature experience. TOA is actually presented as an "old-fashioned" surgical technique dealing with possible bacterial contamination, the need of postoperative nose gastric tube feeding for a week, the possible nasopharyngeal incompetence, and the postoperative tongue swelling.

Comparison of 4 Different Methods for Direct Hypoglossal-Facial Nerve Anastomosis in Rats.

Background: Classic hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis inevitably causes hemitongue atrophy and dysfunction. Thus, many variants have been developed to reduce tongue-related morbidities. A comparative study concerning these techniques was conducted in rats to systematically evaluate long-term functional and histologic outcomes of the recipient and donor systems.