Mechanism underlying the effects of exercise against type 2 diabetes: A review on research progress.

Exercise has emerged as one of the important and effective non-drug therapies used for management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in certain nations. The present report summarizes the latest findings from the research on the beneficial effect of exercise on T2D. The objectives were to provide references for the theoretical study and the clinical practice of exercise-based management of T2D, in addition to identify the limitations of the existing literature, thereby provide direction for future research in this field.

Near-Infrared Responsive Properties of Bone Repair Scaffolds Facilitated by Specific Osteoinductive Photothermal Converters for Highly Efficient Bone Repair.

The effective repair of bone defects has long been a major challenge in clinical practice. Currently, research efforts mostly focus on achieving sufficiently good bone repair, with little attention paid to achieving both good and fast repair. However, achieving highly efficient (H-efficient) bone repair, which is both good and fast, can shorten the treatment cycle and facilitate rapid patient recovery.

An novel and alternative treatment method for large heel ulceration in diabetic patients: Proximal tibial cortex transverse distraction.

Heel ulceration in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major clinical challenge, manifesting with a protracted and uncertain healing process. The prefer treatment of heel ulceration is still controversial. This study aims at describing a newly alternative surgical method with the proximal transverse tibial bone transport technique, as an attempt to achieve wound healing in diabetic patients with large heel ulceration.

Urolithin A attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by co-regulating the p38 MAPK and Nrf2 signaling pathway.

As a critical regulator of bone resorption. osteoclastogenesis is closely associated with osteoporosis (OP) and commonly induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), suggesting that suppression of inflammation may improve OP. Urolithin A (UroA), an active metabolite of ellagic acid, is known to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.