Exploring the genetic and socioeconomic interplay between ADHD and anxiety disorders using Mendelian randomization.

Background: ADHD and anxiety disorders often co-occur, sharing symptoms and dysfunctions, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.

Methods: To explore the shared and distinct genetic variations between ADHD and anxiety disorders, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to ADHD, anxiety disorders, and three socioeconomic factors: income, educational attainment (EA), and intelligence. MR analysis utilized genome-wide association study summary datasets (anxiety disorder: 7,016 cases and 14,745 controls; ADHD: 38,691 cases and 275,986 controls; EA: 766,345 participants; intelligence: 146,808 participants; household income: 392,422 participants), with inverse-variance weighting as the primary method.

Gradient Hierarchically Porous Ionic-Junction Fibers of Wet-Spun Carboxymethyl Cellulose Coagulated with Copper Sulfate.

Polyelectrolyte-based ionic-junction fibers newly serve as signal transmission and translation media between electronic devices and biological systems, facilitating ion transport within organic matrices. In this work, we fabricated gel filaments of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) chelated with Cu(II) ions through wet-spinning, using a saturated coagulant of CuSO. Interestingly, the as-spun fibers exhibited dramatic 3D porous frameworks that varied with the temperature and precursor concentration.

Chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in effluent from sludge alkaline fermentation liquid-fed sequencing batch reactors.

Sludge alkaline fermentation liquid (SAFL) is a promising alternative to acetate for improving biological nitrogen removal (BNR) from wastewater. SAFL inevitably contains some refractory compounds, while the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in effluent from SAFL-fed BNR process remain unclear. In this study, the molecular weight distribution, fluorescent composition and molecular profiles of DOM in effluent from SAFL and acetate-fed sequencing batch reactors (S-SBRs and A-SBRs, respectively) at different hydraulic retention time (12 h and 24 h) was comparatively investigated.

Fabrication of a superhydrophobic surface by straightforward immersion for copperplate artwork protection.

With the background of contemporary art, using comprehensive materials to create artworks is becoming more and more common. The new era of digital image-based copperplate artworks, using photosensitive lithography, has given traditional art forms new life and greater popularity in the digital age. However, the patterns and textures of the works created by the new techniques are generally shallow, and the copper surface is easily damaged and loses its aesthetic value, which makes it a practical problem to protect such works more effectively.

Magnetic resonance imaging DTI-FT study on schizophrenic patients with typical negative first symptoms.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) together with a white matter fiber tracking (FT) technique was used to assess different brain white matter structures and functionalities in schizophrenic patients with typical first negative symptoms. In total, 30 schizophrenic patients with typical first negative symptoms, comprising an observation group were paired 1:1 according to gender, age, right-handedness, and education, with 30 healthy individuals in a control group. Individuals in each group underwent routine MRI and DTI examination of the brain, and diffusion-tensor tractography (DTT) data were obtained through whole brain analysis based on voxel and tractography.

Transdermal solid delivery of epigallocatechin-3-gallate using self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system as vehicle: Formulation, evaluation and vesicle-skin interaction.

The present study investigated a self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system loaded with epigallocatechin-3-gallate to improve epigallocatechin-3-gallate skin retention. The long chain solid lipids (cetostearyl alcohol) and macadamia oil were utilized as a carrier to deliver the bioactive ingredient. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the formulation, and the solid lipid to total lipid weight ratio, concentration of epigallocatechin-3-gallate and hydrophilic surfactant on skin retention were found to be the principal factors.

Targeting SHCBP1 inhibits cell proliferation in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Src homology 2 domain containing (SHC) is a proto-oncogene which mediates cell proliferation and carcinogenesis in human carcinomas. Here, the SHC SH2-domain binding protein 1 (SHCBP1) was first established to be up-regulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues by array-base comparative genome hybridization (aCGH). Meanwhile, we examine and verify it by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot.

Autophagy inhibition suppresses pulmonary metastasis of HCC in mice via impairing anoikis resistance and colonization of HCC cells.

Metastasis is one of the main causes of poor prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has been linked to cell-death resistance. Autophagy is an important survival mechanism under conditions of cell stress. We hypothesized that autophagy may play a role in HCC metastasis due to its prosurvival effect.

α-Fetoprotein promoter-driven Cre/LoxP-switched RNA interference for hepatocellular carcinoma tissue-specific target therapy.

Background: RNA interference (RNAi) has recently emerged as a potential treatment modality for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy, but the lack of cellular targets and sustained efficacy limits its application. The purpose of this study is to develop an HCC tissue-specific RNAi system and investigate its possibility for HCC treatment.

Methods: Two different HCC-specific RNAi systems in which therapeutic miRNA or shRNA against target gene (Beclin 1) was directly or indirectly driven by alpha-fetoprotein promoter (AFP-miRNA and AFP-Cre/LoxP-shRNA) were constructed.

Up-regulation of NICE-3 as a novel EDC gene could contribute to human hepatocellular carcinoma.

The epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) contains a large number of gene products which are crucial for the maturation of the human epidermis and can contribute to skin diseases, even carcinogenesis. It is generally acepted that activation of oncogenes and/or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes play pivotal roles in the process of carcinogenesis. Here, NICE-3, a novel EDC gene, was found to be up-regulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.

Proteasome inhibitor interacts synergistically with autophagy inhibitor to suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy-lysosome system are 2 major protein degradation pathways in eukaryotic cells, which are tightly linked to cancer. Proteasome inhibitors have been approved in clinical use against hematologic malignancies, but their application in solid tumors is uncertain. Moreover, the role of autophagy after proteasome inhibition is controversial.

Decreased selenium-binding protein 1 enhances glutathione peroxidase 1 activity and downregulates HIF-1α to promote hepatocellular carcinoma invasiveness.

Purpose: We aimed to characterize the role of selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasiveness and underlying clinical significance.

Experimental Design: SBP1 expression was measured in stepwise metastatic HCC cell lines by Western blotting. The role of SBP1 in HCC was investigated using siRNA.

Autophagy activation in hepatocellular carcinoma contributes to the tolerance of oxaliplatin via reactive oxygen species modulation.

Purpose: Understanding the roles of mammalian autophagy in cancer highlights recent advances in the pharmacologic manipulation of autophagic pathways as a therapeutic strategy for cancer. However, autophagy status and corresponding functions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after therapeutic stress remain to be clarified. This study was to determine whether the autophagic machinery could be activated after chemotherapy and the contribution of autophagy to tolerance of oxaliplatin in HCC.

Targeting autophagy enhances sorafenib lethality for hepatocellular carcinoma via ER stress-related apoptosis.

Sorafenib, a potent multikinase inhibitor, has been recognized as the standard systemic treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the direct functional mechanism of tumor lethality mediated by sorafenib remains to be fully characterized, and the precise mechanisms of drug resistance are largely unknown. Here, we showed sorafenib induced both apoptosis and autophagy in human HCC cells through a mechanism that involved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and was independent of the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway.