Association Between Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Stroke-Associated Pneumonia in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients After Endovascular Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Stroke, particularly due to large vessel occlusion (LVO), is a major cause of mortality and disability globally. Endovascular therapy (ET) significantly improves outcomes for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, but complications such as stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) increase mortality and healthcare costs. This study investigates the association between blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and the increased risk of SAP and explores the relationship between BBB disruption and medium-term functional outcomes.

Lesions of the lateral habenula excite dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area and serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nuclei in hemiparkinsonian rats.

The lateral habenula (LHb) projects to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) that deliver dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) to cortical and limbic regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (BLA). Dysfunctions of VTA-related mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic and DRN-related serotonergic systems contribute to non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, how the LHb affects the VTA and DRN in PD remains unclear.

Predicting 3-month Functional Outcome After Endovascular Thrombectomy in Patients with Anterior Circulation Occlusion with an Arterial Transit Artifact Grading System.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between arterial transit artifact (ATA), arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging, and the outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to occlusion of large vessels in anterior circulation after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).

Methods: Patients with anterior circulation occlusion treated with EVT between October 2017 and December 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study, and ATA was quantified by a 4-point scale. A favorable outcome was defined by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of 0-2 at 3 months.

Spatiotemporal gait parameter fluctuations in older adults affected by mild cognitive impairment: comparisons among three cognitive dual-task tests.

Backgrounds: Gait disorder is associated with cognitive functional impairment, and this disturbance is more pronouncedly when performing additional cognitive tasks. Our study aimed to characterize gait disorders in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) under three dual tasks and determine the association between gait performance and cognitive function.

Methods: A total of 260 participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study and divided into MCI and cognitively normal control.

Recent advances in the anti-counterfeiting applications of long persistent phosphors.

Counterfeit products have infiltrated numerous regions worldwide, causing substantial damage to the financial interests of individuals, businesses, and countries. Moreover, counterfeit goods can pose a severe risk to human health. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective anti-counterfeiting methods and authentication technologies.

Nomogram to predict unfavorable outcome of endovascular thrombectomy for large ischemic core.

Objective: The prognosis for patients presenting with a large ischemic core (LIC) following endovascular thrombectomy is relatively poor. This study aimed to construct and validate a nomogram for predicting 3-month unfavorable outcome in patients with anterior circulation occlusion-related LIC who underwent endovascular thrombectomy.

Methods: A retrospective training cohort and a prospective validation cohort of patients with a large ischemic core were studied.

Olfactory function changes and the predictive performance of the Chinese Smell Identification Test in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Objectives: Olfactory disorder is one of the sensory features that reflects a decline in cognitive function. However, olfactory changes and the discernibility of smell testing in the aging population have yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Chinese Smell Identification Test (CSIT) in distinguishing individuals with cognitive decline from those with normal aging and to determine whether the patients with MCI and AD show changes in their olfactory identification abilities.

Dopamine D receptors in the lateral habenula regulate depression-related behaviors via a pre-synaptic mechanism in experimental Parkinson's disease.

Although multiple studies report that unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in rats induce depressive-like behaviors and hyperactivity of the lateral habenula (LHb), effects of dopamine (DA) D receptors in the LHb on depressive-like behaviors are unclear. Here we found that intra-LHb injection of the different doses of D receptor agonist A412997 and antagonist L741742 produced the different behavioral responses in SNc sham-lesioned rats, and only the high doses of A412997 and L741742 increased the expression of depressive-like behaviors or produced antidepressant-like effects in SNc-lesioned rats. The low doses of A412997 and L741742 altered the firing rate of LHb neurons and release of DA, GABA and glutamate in the LHb via the GABAergic rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) in SNc sham-lesioned rats, but not in SNc-lesioned rats.

Activation and Blockade of Serotonin-4 Receptors in the Lateral Habenula Produce Antidepressant Effects in the Hemiparkinsonian Rat.

Background: The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurotransmitter system and lateral habenula (LHb) are involved in the regulation of depression, while the mechanisms remain to be clarified.

Objectives: The effects and possible mecha-nism underlying activation or blockade of 5-HT4 receptors (5-HT4Rs) in the LHb in depression were investigated by behavioral and neurochemical methods based on a Parkinson's disease (PD) rat model.

Method: 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was injected unilaterally into the substantia nigra pars compacta to establish the PD rat model.

MicroRNA-769-5p Promotes The Growth Of Glioma Cells By Targeting Lysine Methyltransferase 2A.

Background: Accumulating evidence supports the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the progression of human cancers including glioma. Recently, miR-769-5p has been reported to play a tumor suppressive role in colorectal cancer and lung cancer, whereas it exerts an oncogenic role in melanoma. However, the role of miR-769-5p and its related mechanism are poorly elucidated.

Activation and blockade of serotonin receptors in the lateral habenula improve working memory in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned Parkinson's rats.

: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions and serotonin  (5-HT) receptors in the lateral habenula (LHb) on Parkinson's disease (PD) related working memory. : The working memory was measured by the T-maze rewarded alternation test in sham rats and rats with unilateral 6-OHDA lesions of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). The concentrations of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and 5-HT in the related brain regions were measured by neurochemistry.

Enhanced AMPA receptor-mediated excitatory transmission in the rodent rostromedial tegmental nucleus following lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway.

The GABAergic rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) has reciprocal connections with the dopaminergic ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), and is involved in inhibitory control of monoaminergic nuclei. At present, it is not clear whether unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the SNc in rats affect AMPA receptor-mediated excitatory transmission in the RMTg. Here we found that lesions of the SNc in rats increased the firing rate of GABAergic neurons and the level of glutamate in the RMTg compared to sham-operated rats.

Serotonin₆ Receptors in the Prelimbic Cortex are Involved in the Regulation of Anxiety-Like Behaviors in the Rat 6-Hydroxydopamine Parkinson’s Disease Model.

The role of serotonin₆ (5-HT₆) receptors in the regulation of anxiety is poorly understood, particularly in Parkinson’s disease-related anxiety. Here we examined whether 5-HT₆ receptors in the prelimbic cortex (PrL) involve in the regulation of anxiety-like behaviors in sham-operated rats and rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial forebrain bundle. The lesion induced anxiogenic responses as measured by the open-field and elevated-plus maze tests compared to sham-operated rats.

Activation and blockade of basolateral amygdala 5-HT receptor produce anxiolytic-like behaviors in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease.

Although the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and serotonin (5-HT) receptor are involved in modulation of anxiety, their roles in Parkinson' disease (PD)-related anxiety are still unknown. Thus we perform this study to examine the involvement of BLA 5-HT receptor on anxiety in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced PD rats. The lesion of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) induced anxiety-like behaviors, and decreased the basal firing rate of BLA glutamate neurons and dopamine (DA) levels in tissues of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala and ventral part of hippocampus (vHip) in rats.

Identification of metabolite biomarkers for L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease by metabolomic technology.

L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a frequent complication of chronic L-DOPA therapy in the clinical treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). The pathogenesis of LID involves complex molecular mechanisms in the striatum. Metabolomics can shed light on striatal metabolic alterations in LID.

Involvement of lateral habenula α1 subunit-containing GABA receptor-mediated inhibitory transmission in the regulation of depression-related behaviors in experimental Parkinson's disease.

The lateral habenula (LHb) plays an important role in the regulation of depression. At present, it is not clear whether GABA receptor-mediated inhibitory transmission in the LHb is involved in Parkinson's disease (PD)-associated depression. In this study, unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra in rats induced depressive-like behaviors and led to hyperactivity of LHb neurons compared to sham-operated rats, which attribute to depletion of dopamine, and decreased synthesis and release of GABA and increased release of glutamate in the LHb.

Activation and blockade of prelimbic 5-HT6 receptors produce different effects on depressive-like behaviors in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson's rats.

The role of prelimbic (PrL) 5-HT6 receptors in depression is poorly understood, particularly in Parkinson's disease-related depression. Here we reported that 6-hydroxydopamine lesions in rats decreased sucrose preference and increased immobility time as measured by the sucrose preference and forced swim tests when compared to sham-operated rats, indicating the induction of depressive-like behaviors. Intra-PrL injection of 5-HT6 receptor agonist WAY208466 induced depressive-like responses in sham-operated rats, and produced antidepressant-like effects in the lesioned rats.

Serotonin₆ receptors in the dorsal hippocampus regulate depressive-like behaviors in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned Parkinson's rats.

Preclinical studies indicate both activation and blockade of serotonin6 (5-HT6) receptors may produce antidepressant-like effects. Depression is a common symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, its pathophysiology is unclear. Here we examined whether 5-HT6 receptors in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) involve in the regulation of PD-associated depression.