Characterization of ultrasonic-assisted antifungal film loaded with fermented walnut meal on Rosa roxburghii Tratt during near-freezing temperature storage.

Fermented walnut meal (FW) has antifungal activity against Penicillium victoriae, a fungus responsible for Rosa roxbughii Tratt spoilage. This study characterized and applied ultrasonic-assisted antifungal film loaded with FW to preserve R. roxbughii Tratt during near-freezing temperature (NFT).

Using landscape genomics to assess local adaptation and genomic vulnerability of a perennial herb (Vitaceae) in subtropical China.

Understanding adaptive genetic variation of plant populations and their vulnerabilities to climate change are critical to preserve biodiversity and subsequent management interventions. To this end, landscape genomics may represent a cost-efficient approach for investigating molecular signatures underlying local adaptation. is, in its native habitat, a widespread perennial herb of warm-temperate evergreen forest in subtropical China.

Chromosome-level reference genome of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (Vitaceae) provides insights into genomic evolution and the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids.

Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly (2.19 Gb) and annotation of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum, a perennial herbaceous liana native to subtropical China with diverse medicinal applications. Approximately 73% of the genome was comprised of transposable elements (TEs), of which long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) were a predominant group (69% of the genome).

Plant and fungal species interactions differ between aboveground and belowground habitats in mountain forests of eastern China.

Plant and fungal species interactions drive many essential ecosystem properties and processes; however, how these interactions differ between aboveground and belowground habitats remains unclear at large spatial scales. Here, we surveyed 494 pairwise fungal communities in leaves and soils by Illumina sequencing, which were associated with 55 woody plant species across more than 2,000-km span of mountain forests in eastern China. The relative contributions of plant, climate, soil and space to the variation of fungal communities were assessed, and the plant-fungus network topologies were inferred.

Comparative and Phylogenetic Analyses of Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Complex (Scrophulariaceae).

The complex is a group of closely related desert and steppe subshrubs that includes , and , which are the only sect. components found in Northwest China. Based on earlier molecular evidence, the species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships within this complex remain poorly resolved.

Plio-Pleistocene climatic change drives allopatric speciation and population divergence within the complex (Scrophulariaceae) of desert and steppe subshrubs in Northwest China.

Numerous temperate plants and animals on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) are hypothesized to have differentiated due to vicariant allopatric speciation associated with the geologic uplifts. However, this hypothesis has rarely been tested through a phylogeographic study of relative species in a broader geographic context, including the QTP, Tianshan Mountains, Mongolian Plateau, and surrounding regions. To understand the speciation and diversification process of plants across this wide area, phylogeographic analysis were examined from and two other closely relative species comprising and .

An overlooked dispersal route of Cardueae (Asteraceae) from the Mediterranean to East Asia revealed by phylogenomic and biogeographical analyses of Atractylodes.

Background And Aims: The East Asian-Tethyan disjunction pattern and its mechanisms of formation have long been of interest to researchers. Here, we studied the biogeographical history of Asteraceae tribe Cardueae, with a particular focus on the temperate East Asian genus Atractylodes DC., to understand the role of tectonic and climatic events in driving the diversification and disjunctions of the genus.

The Neuroprotective Effect of Tea Polyphenols on the Regulation of Intestinal Flora.

Tea polyphenols (TPs) are the general compounds of natural polyhydroxyphenols extracted in tea. Although a large number of studies have shown that TPs have obvious neuroprotective and neuro repair effects, they are limited due to the low bioavailability in vivo. However, TPs can act indirectly on the central nervous system by affecting the "microflora-gut-brain axis", in which the microbiota and its composition represent a factor that determines brain health.

Genetic insights into the evolution of genera with the eastern Asia-eastern North America floristic disjunction: a transcriptomics analysis.

Premise: Large disjunctions in species distributions provide excellent opportunities to study processes that shape biogeographic patterns. One such disjunction is the eastern Asia-eastern North America (EA-ENA) floristic disjunction. For many genera with this disjunction, species richness is greater in EA than in ENA; this pattern has been attributed, in part, to higher rates of molecular evolution and speciation in EA.

Comparisons of Natural and Cultivated Populations of Indicate Divergent Patterns of Genetic and Epigenetic Variation.

Epigenetic variation may contribute to traits that are important in domestication, but how patterns of genetic and epigenetic variation differ between cultivated and wild plants remains poorly understood. In particular, we know little about how selection may shape epigenetic variation in natural and cultivated populations. In this study, we investigated 11 natural populations and 6 major cultivated populations using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and methylation-sensitive AFLP (MS-AFLP or MSAP) markers to identify patterns of genetic and epigenetic diversity among populations.

Genomic insights on the contribution of balancing selection and local adaptation to the long-term survival of a widespread living fossil tree, Cercidiphyllum japonicum.

'Living fossils' are testimonies of long-term sustained ecological success, but how demographic history and natural selection contributed to their survival, resilience, and persistence in the face of Quaternary climate fluctuations remains unclear. To better understand the interplay between demographic history and selection in shaping genomic diversity and evolution of such organisms, we assembled the whole genome of Cercidiphyllum japonicum, a widespread East Asian Tertiary relict tree, and resequenced 99 individuals of C. japonicum and its sister species, Cercidiphyllum magnificum (Central Japan).

Transcriptome Assembly, Gene Annotation and SSR Marker Development in the Moon Seed Genus (Menispermaceae).

The moonseed genus L. (Menispermaceae) is disjunctly distributed in East Asia and eastern North America. Although has important medicinal value, genetic and genomic information is scarce, with very few available molecular markers.

Natural selection and repeated patterns of molecular evolution following allopatric divergence.

Although geographic isolation is a leading driver of speciation, the tempo and pattern of divergence at the genomic level remain unclear. We examine genome-wide divergence of putatively single-copy orthologous genes (POGs) in 20 allopatric species/variety pairs from diverse angiosperm clades, with 16 pairs reflecting the classic eastern Asia-eastern North America floristic disjunction. In each pair, >90% of POGs are under purifying selection, and <10% are under positive selection.

Phylogenomic conflict resulting from ancient introgression following species diversification in Stewartia s.l. (Theaceae).

Phylogenetic analyses using diverse datasets can yield conflicting inference of evolutionary history. Phylogenetic conflicts observed in both animal and plant systems have often been explained by two competing (but not mutually exclusive) hypotheses, i.e.

Genomic effects of population collapse in a critically endangered ironwood tree Ostrya rehderiana.

Increased human activity and climate change are driving numerous tree species to endangered status, and in the worst cases extinction. Here we examine the genomic signatures of the critically endangered ironwood tree Ostrya rehderiana and its widespread congener O. chinensis.

Phylogenetic imprint of woody plants on the soil mycobiome in natural mountain forests of eastern China.

Recent studies have detected strong phylogenetic signals in tree-fungus associations for diseased leaves and mycorrhizal symbioses. However, the extent of plant phylogenetic constraints on the free-living soil mycobiome remains unknown, especially at broad geographic scales. Here, 343 soil samples were collected adjacent to individual tree trunks, representing 58 woody plant species located in five mountain forests of eastern China.

Evolutionary insights from comparative transcriptome and transcriptome-wide coalescence analyses in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum.

Background: Tetrastigma hemsleyanum is of great medicinal importance and used as a model system to address the evolutionary history of warm-temperate evergreen (WTE) forest biomes in East Asia over Neogene time scales. However, further studies on the neutral and adaptive divergence processes of T. hemsleyanum are currently impeded by a lack of genomic resources.

The complete chloroplast genome of (Menispermaceae, Ranunculales).

is a woody liana with great medicinal value. In the current study, we assembled the first chloroplast (cp) genome of The whole chloroplast genome is 158,623 bp in length, with one large copy region (LSC: 88,879 bp), a small single copy region (SSC: 20,644 bp), and two inverted repeats (IR: 24,550 bp). The cp genome contains 114 unique genes with 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes.

The complete chloroplast genome of (Berberidaceae): an endangered species endemic to Eastern China.

is an endangered species in the family Berberidaceae. In this study, we assembled the chloroplast (cp) genome of and reconstructed the phylogenetic tree of Berberidaceae based on the complete cp genome. The cp genome of is 160,136 bp in length, comprising a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (26,424 bp) separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region (87,580 bp) and a small single-copy (SSC) region (19,708bp).

Ginkgo biloba's footprint of dynamic Pleistocene history dates back only 390,000 years ago.

Background: At the end of the Pliocene and the beginning of Pleistocene glaciation and deglaciation cycles Ginkgo biloba went extinct all over the world, and only few populations remained in China in relict areas serving as sanctuary for Tertiary relict trees. Yet the status of these regions as refuge areas with naturally existing populations has been proven not earlier than one decade ago. Herein we elaborated the hypothesis that during the Pleistocene cooling periods G.

Chloroplast genome analyses and genomic resource development for epilithic sister genera Oresitrophe and Mukdenia (Saxifragaceae), using genome skimming data.

Background: Epilithic sister genera Oresitrophe and Mukdenia (Saxifragaceae) have an epilithic habitat (rocky slopes) and a parapatric distribution in East Asia, which makes them an ideal model for a more comprehensive understanding of the demographic and divergence history and the influence of climate changes in East Asia. However, the genetic background and resources for these two genera are scarce.

Results: The complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of two Oresitrophe rupifraga and one Mukdenia rossii individuals were reconstructed and comparative analyses were conducted to examine the evolutionary pattern of chloroplast genomes in Saxifragaceae.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of (Solanaceae).

is a precious desert plant with high medicinal and ecological values. It contains rich anthocyanins, which are safe natural pigments and could be used for natural food colorants. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of was assembled on the basis of next generation sequencing.