Gastrointestinal jumbo phages possess independent synthesis and utilization systems of NAD.

Background: Jumbo phages, phages with genomes > 200 kbp, contain some unique genes for successful reproduction in their bacterial hosts. Due to complex and massive genomes analogous to those of small-celled bacteria, how jumbo phages complete their life cycle remains largely undefined.

Results: In this study, we assembled 668 high-quality jumbo phage genomes from over 15 terabytes (TB) of intestinal metagenomic data from 955 samples of 5 animal species (cow, sheep, pig, horse, and deer).

Spatial pattern and co-occurrence network of microbial community in response to extreme environment of salt lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Microbial communities are important components of alpine lakes, especially in extreme environments such as salt lakes. However, few studies have examined the co-occurrence network of microbial communities and various environmental factors in the water of salt lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. From May to June 2019, nine samples from seven salt lakes with water salinity ranges from 13 to 267‰ on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were collected.

Saline lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau harbor unique viral assemblages mediating microbial environmental adaption.

The highest plateau on Earth, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, contains thousands of lakes with broad salinity and diverse and unique microbial communities. However, little is known about their co-occurring viruses. Herein, we identify 4,560 viral Operational Taxonomic Units (vOTUs) from six viromes of three saline lakes on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with less than 1% that could be classified.

Genome and Ecology of a Novel Podovirus, ZP6, Representing a New Viral Genus, .

is a ubiquitous, abundant, copiotrophic and phytoplankton-associated marine member of the with a range extending from tropical waters to polar regions and including hadal zones. Here, we describe a novel phage, ZP6, that was isolated from surface coastal waters of Qingdao, China. ZP6 contains a linear, double-stranded, 38,080-bp DNA molecule with 50.

Characterization and genomic analysis of the first Oceanospirillum phage, vB_OliS_GJ44, representing a novel siphoviral cluster.

Background: Marine bacteriophages play key roles in the community structure of microorganisms, biogeochemical cycles, and the mediation of genetic diversity through horizontal gene transfer. Recently, traditional isolation methods, complemented by high-throughput sequencing metagenomics technology, have greatly increased our understanding of the diversity of bacteriophages. Oceanospirillum, within the order Oceanospirillales, are important symbiotic marine bacteria associated with hydrocarbon degradation and algal blooms, especially in polar regions.