Tin oxide (SnO) as electron transportation layer (ETL) has demonstrated remarkable performance applied in perovskite solar cells but still accommodated a host of defects such as oxygen vacancies, uncoordinated Sn , and absorbed hydroxyl groups. Here, we use inorganic sodium thiosulfate NaSO to modify SnO nanoparticles in a bulk blending manner. Strong interaction between NaSO and SnO occurs, as reflected from the elemental chemical state change.
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